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'''Roman Sanskrit transliteration''' | |||
Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar -or ''Shrii Shrii'' Anandamurti | Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar -or ''Shrii Shrii'' Anandamurti, his alias for his spiritual works- developed his own Sanskrit Roman transliteration, used as early as 1956, which he asked to be used in all Ananda Marga publications. Doing so, he maintained since then, through all Ananda Marga publications, the presence of reliable Sanskrit spelling. That transliteration -using only two diacritical marks (' and ^ ( ̭))- can also easily been typed on an ordinary keyboard still maintaining a good legibility. The transliteration used by Western Sanskritists is unfortunatly not very well adjusted to transliterate Bengali for example -which is the more sanskritized living language and one of the four or five top languages by native speakers in the world - and other Indian languages. | ||
'''Ananda Marga Roman Sanskrit transliteration:''' | |||
'''''a, á, i, ii, u, ú, r, rr, lr, lrr, e, ae, o, ao, aḿ, ah''','' | |||
'''''ka, kha, ga, gha, uṋa,''''' (velar) | |||
'''''ca, cha, ja, jha, iṋa,''''' (palatal) | |||
'''''t́a, t́ha, d́a, d́ha, ńa,''''' (retroflex) | |||
'''''ta, tha, da, dha, na,''''' (dental) | |||
'''''pa, pha, ba, bha, ma,''''' (labial) | |||
'''''ya, ra, la, va,''''' (semi vowel) | |||
'''''sha, śa, sa, ha, kśa.''''' (sibilant, etc.) | |||
'''''’''''' is the phonetic elision of initial "''a''" . | |||
'''''ṋ''''' for the ''candabindu''. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+Roman Sanskrit transliteration | |||
!Description | |||
!Academic | |||
!Devanágarii/<br />Bengali script | |||
!Ánanda Márga | |||
!Alternative AM | |||
|- | |||
|Long a | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|'' ā''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode| आ/আ}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center | {{unicode|'' á''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode| a'}} | |||
|- | |||
|Long i | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ī''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ई/ঈ}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center | {{unicode|''ii''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|}} | |||
|- | |||
|Long u | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ū''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ऊ/ঊ}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center | {{unicode|''ú''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|u'}} | |||
|- | |||
|Vowel r/vocalic r | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ṛ''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ऋ/ঋ}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center | {{unicode|''r''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|}} | |||
|- | |||
|Long Vowel r | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ṝ''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ॠ/ৠ}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''rr''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" |{{unicode|}} | |||
|- | |||
|Vowel l (L) | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ḷ''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ऌ/ঌ}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''lr''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|}} | |||
|-| | |||
|Long vowel l | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ḹ''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ॡ/ৡ}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''lrr''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|}} | |||
|- | |||
|Elongated ''e'' diphtong | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ai''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ऐ/ঐ}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ae''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|}} | |||
|- | |||
|Elongated ''o'' diphtong | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''au''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|औ/ঔ}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center | {{unicode|''ao''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|}} | |||
|- | |||
|Velar n | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ṅ''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ङ/ঙ}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center | {{unicode|''uṋ''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|un^}} | |||
|- | |||
|Palatal n | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ñ''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ञ/ঞ}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center | {{unicode|''iṋ''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|in^}} | |||
|- | |||
|Retroflex t | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ṭ''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ट/ট}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center | {{unicode|''t́ ''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|t'}} | |||
|- | |||
|Retroflex d | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ḍ''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ड/ড}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center | {{unicode|''d́ ''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|d'}} | |||
|- | |||
|Retroflex n | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ṇ''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ण/ণ}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center | {{unicode|''ń''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|n'}} | |||
|- | |||
|Palatal s | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ś''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|श/শ}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center | {{unicode|''sh''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|}} | |||
|- | |||
|Retroflex s | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ṣ''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ष/ষ}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center | {{unicode|''ś''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|s'}} | |||
|- | |||
|''[[anusvara]]'' | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''aṃ''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|अं/অং}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''aḿ''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|am'}} | |||
|- | |||
|''[[visarga]]'' | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''aḥ''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|अः/অঃ}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ah''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|}} | |||
|- | |||
|''[[candrabindu]]'' | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|अँ/অঁ}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''aṋ''}} | |||
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|an^}} | |||
|} | |||
Examples: | |||
জ্ঞ/ज्ञ: jiṋa (jña); ঋষি/ऋषि:rśi (ṛṣi); ছায়া/छाया: cháyá (chāyā); জ্ঞান/ज्ञान: jiṋána (jñāna); সংস্কৃত/संस्कृत: saḿskrta (saṃskṛta); ততোঽহং/ततोऽहं: tato’haḿ (tato’haṃ); পিঙ্গলা/पिङ्गला: piuṋgalá (piṅgalā). | |||