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'''Prabhát Saḿgiita''' ([[:wikipedia:Bengali language|Bengali]]: প্রভাত সঙ্গীত ''Probhat Shongit'', [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Bengali pɾɔbhat̪ ʃɔŋɡit̪] - ''see spelling variations [[Prabhat Samgiita#Name and Variants|below]]''), also known as '''Songs of a New Dawn''' and '''Prabhat Songs''', is the collection of songs composed by [[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar]].{{sfn|Subramanya, Mysore|2008}} Sarkar composed a total of 5,018 songs, including lyrics and tune, over a period of eight years from 1982 until his death in 1990.{{sfn|The Telegraph (Calcutta)|20/09/2004}}


== Etymology ==
In [[:wikipedia:Bengali language|Bengali]], the word ''Prabhát(a)'' (প্রভাত - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Bengali pɾɔbhat̪]) means ''dawn'', ''morning'' or ''daybreak''.{{sfn|Biswas, Sailendra}} The word ''Sauṋgiit(a)'' (সঙ্গীত -  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Bengali ʃɔŋɡit̪]){{sfn|Sarkár, Prabhát Raiṋjan|21/10/2007}} [[:wikipedia:Bengali language#Writing system|also spelled]] as ''Saḿgiit(a)'' (সংগীত - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Bengali ʃɔŋɡgit̪]) means ''song'' and ''music''.{{sfn|Biswas, Sailendra}} Thus, ''prabhát(a) sauṋgiit(a)'' or ''prabhát(a) saḿgiit(a)'' etymologically means "morning song"{{sfn|Biswas, Sailendra}} or "songs of dawn".{{sfn|Avadhuta, Divyachetananda Acharya|19/06/2009}} It has also been interpreted as "songs of a new dawn".{{sfn|Sarkar, Subhas|12/09/2011}}{{sfn|Subramanya, Mysore|2008}}
== Name and Variants ==
Prabhát Saḿgiit has two most commonly used definitions, namely: "Songs of a New Down"{{sfn|Sarkar, Subhas|12/09/2011}} and "Songs of [[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar|Prabhat]]".{{sfn|Sarkár, Subhas|31/12/2010}}<ref name="Bangalore">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/03/21/stories/2008032151150300.htm|title=Friday Review Bangalore - Music for humanity|date=21/03/2008|publisher=[[:wikipedia:The Hindu|The Hindu]]|accessdate=5 February 2013|location=[[:wikipedia:Bangalore|Bangalore]], India}}</ref> It has many spelling variants, with the following reasons: the word ''saḿgiit'' has two different spellings in Bengali, there is no fix transliteration rule for most Indian languages, there are also different transcription conventions used in English for Indian languages, the [[:wikipedia:Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] pronunciation has an "a" at the end of both words, which is normally silent in Bengali and [[:wikipedia:Hindi|Hindi]].
Thus we have the word '''''prabhat''''' that can be spelled as:
*''Prabhat'', ''Prabhát'', ''Prabhāt'', ''Prabhata'', ''Prabháta'', ''Prabhāta''
And we have the word '''''samgiit''''' that can be spelled as:
*''Sangit'', ''Sangeet'', ''Sangiit'', ''Samgiit'', ''Saḿgiit'', ''Saṃgīt'', ''Sauṋgiit'', ''Saŋgīt'' and all of these with "a" at the end:
*''Sangita'', ''Sangeeta'', ''Sangiita'', ''Samgiita'', ''Saḿgiita'', ''Saṃgīta'', ''Sauṋgiita'' and ''Saŋgīta''
If combined, all these variations could create a huge number of spelling variants for Prabhat Samgiit, however not all combinations are used. Subhas Sarkar mainly prefers the variant '''Prabháta Saḿgiita''' and sometimes uses '''Prabhāta saṃgīta'''.{{sfn|Sarkár, Subhas|31/12/2010}} There is no consistency of spelling, even within the same newspapers. [[:wikipedia:The Hindu|The Hindu]] often spells '''Prabhat Samgiita'''{{sfn|Avadhuta, Divyachetananda Acharya|19/06/2009}}<ref name="Bangalore" />{{sfn|The Hindu|15/09/2009}} however also spells '''Prabhat Sangit'''<ref name="MM">{{cite news|title=Music and memories|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/06/15/stories/2007061550170300.htm|date=15/06/2007|publisher=[[:wikipedia:The Hindu|The Hindu]]|accessdate=1 February 2013}}</ref> and also '''Prabhat Sangeet'''.<ref name="Metro">{{cite news|title=Metro cultural round-up|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/09/20/stories/2004092001980200.htm|date=20/09/2004|publisher=[[:wikipedia:The Hindu|The Hindu]]|accessdate=1 February 2013}}</ref> [[:wikipedia:The Times of India|The Times of India]] uses both '''Prabhat Samgiita'''{{sfn|Sarkar, Subhas|12/09/2011}} and ''Prabhat Sangeet''.<ref name="TOI">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-09-27/faith-and-ritual/28101854_1_beauty-divine-music-music-heals|title=Divine music that evokes blissful experience|date=27/09/2009|publisher=[[:wikipedia:The Times of India|The Times of India]]|accessdate=1 February 2013}}</ref> Most other newspapers spell ''Prabhat Sangeet'', though some articles prefer ''Prabhat Sangit'' and '''Prabhata Samgiita'''. Publications of [[Ananda Marga]] usually goes by the spelling ''Prabháta Saḿgiita'' and also often by ''Prabhát Saḿgiita'' and ''Prabhát Saḿgiit''.<ref name="Samgiita">{{cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Shrii Prabhat Ranjan|title=Saḿgiita: Song, Dance and Instrumental Music|publisher=Ananda Marga Publications|location=Kolkata, India|year=1987|edition=1st Edition|isbn=81-7252-250-9|accessdate=06/02/2013}}</ref> Older publications, however, tend to use the variant ''Prabhát Sauṋgiit'' or ''Prabháta Sauṋgiita''.{{sfn|Sarkár, Prabhát Raiṋjan|21/10/2007}} Finally there are instances of unusual spellings as well, such as ''Prabhat Sangeeth''{{sfn|Subramanya, Mysore|2008}} and ''Prabhat Samhitta''.<ref name="AN">{{cite news|url=http://www.afternoondc.in/film-review/top-cultural-icon-feted/article_26683|title=Top cultural icon feted|date=07/06/2011|publisher=[[:wikipedia:Afternoon (newspaper)|Afternoon (newspaper)]]|accessdate=5 February 2013}}</ref>
== Composition, Collection, and Releases ==
P. R. Sarkar composed the first prabhat samgiit ''Bandhu he niye calo'' on 14 September 1982{{sfn|Sarkár, Prabhát Raiṋjan|21/10/2007}} at [[:wikipedia:Deoghar|Deoghar]], [[:wikipedia:India|India]].{{sfn|The Telegraph (Calcutta)|20/09/2004}} He continued composing songs until his death on 21 October 1990.{{sfn|Sarkar, Subhas|12/09/2011}} During that eight years, he composed a total of 5,018 songs,{{sfn|Ghista, Garda|30/11/2006}} including both lyrics and tune.<ref name=AN />{{sfn|The Statesman|07/10/2011}}{{sfn|Ujjawala, Jha|20/11/2011}} The last song, ''Ámrá gaŕe nova gurukul'', was composed on 20 October 1990, one day before his death.{{sfn|Sarkár, Prabhát Raiṋjan|30/04/2003}} [[Renaissance Artists and Writers Association]] (RAWA), has sponsored many performances and recordings of selected songs. These performances have featured artists such as [[:wikipedia:Ashwini Bhide-Deshpande|Ashwini Bhide-Deshpande]], [[:wikipedia:Rashid Khan|Rashid Khan]], [[:wikipedia:Kavita Krishnamurthy|Kavita Krishnamurthy]], [[:wikipedia:Manoj Kumar|Manoj Kumar]], [[:wikipedia:Vithal Rao|Vithal Rao]], [[:wikipedia:Shruti Sadolikar|Shruti Sadolikar]], [[:wikipedia:Haimanti Sukla|Haimanti Sukla]] and [[:wikipedia:Archana Udupa|Archana Udupa]].{{citation needed |date=November 2013}}
Sarkar composed songs in eight different languages: Bengali, Hindi, [[:wikipedia:English language|English]], [[:wikipedia:Sanscrit language|Samskrita]], [[:wikipedia:Urdu language|Urdu]], [[:wikipedia:Magahi language|Magahi]], [[:wikipedia:Maithili language|Maithili]] and [[:wikipedia:Angika language|Angika]].{{sfn|Sarkár, Subhas|31/12/2010}} Sarkar held that songs should be performed in their original language to preserve the composer's rhythm, melody, and meaning. Hence, no permission was given by Sarkar for performance of his songs in any language other than the language in which he composed them.{{citation needed |date=November 2013}}
== References ==
=== Footnotes ===
{{reflist|group=note}}
=== Citations ===
{{reflist}}
=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation|title=The Gujarat Genocide: A Case Study in Fundamentalist Cleansing |last={{aut|Ghista}} |first={{aut|Garda}} |location= |publisher=AuthorHouse |year=30/11/2006 |pages=174|url=http://books.google.co.il/books?id=T-CazvdstPcC&pg=PA174&redir_esc=y |ISBN=9781425944537}}.
* {{cite book|last={{aut|[[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar|Sarkár]]}}|first={{aut|[[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar|Shrii Prabhát Raiṋjan]]}}|title=Prabhát Sauṋgiit (First Volume)|publisher=Ananda Marga Publications|location=[[:wikipedia:Kolkata|Kolkata]], [[:wikipedia:India|India]]|date=21/10/2007|edition=Third|pages=1|isbn=81-7252-255-X|accessdate=01/02/2013|language=Bengali}}
* {{cite book|last={{aut|[[Subhas Sarkar|Sarkár]]}}|first={{aut|[[Subhas Sarkar|Subhas]]}}|title=Prabháta Samgiita: A Literary and Philosophical Appreciation|publisher=Ananda Marga Publications|date=31/12/2010|edition=First|isbn=978-81-7252-260-5|oclc=704229361|url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/prabhata-samgiita-a-literary-and-philosophical-appreciation/oclc/704229361}}</ref>
* {{cite book|last={{aut|[[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar|Sarkár]]}}|first={{aut|[[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar|Shrii Prabhát Raiṋjan]]}}|title=Prabhát Sauṋgiit (Tenth Volume)|publisher=Ananda Marga Publications|location=Kolkata, India|date=30/04/2003|edition=Second Edition|pages=xxviii|isbn=81-7252-214-2|accessdate=13/02/2013|language=Bengali}}
====Online sources====
* {{citation|last={{aut|Subramanya}}|first={{aut|Mysore}} |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Mar172008/arts2008031757962.asp|title=DANCE/MUSIC REVIEW - Prabhat Sangeeth |year=17/03/2008 |publisher= [[:wikipedia:Deccan Herald|Deccan Herald]] |title= Prabhat Sangeeth |accessdate=1 February 2013}}.
* {{cite news|last=[[:wikipedia:The Telegraph (Calcutta)|{{aut|The Telegraph (Calcutta)}}]]|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040920/asp/jamshedpur/story_3778537.asp|title=Homage to spiritual guru|date=20/09/2004|accessdate=1 February 2013|location=Calcutta, India}}
* {{cite web|last={{aut|Biswas}}|first={{aut|Sailendra}}|url=http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/romadict.pl?query=%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4&table=biswas-bengali|title=Samsad Bengali-English Dictionary|publisher=[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/ Digital Dictionaries of South Asia]|language=Bengali/English|accessdate=7 February 2013}}
* {{cite news|last={{aut|Avadhuta}}|first={{aut|Divyachetananda Acharya}}|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/06/19/stories/2009061950100300.htm|title=Friday Review Delhi - Songs of dawn|date=19/06/2009|publisher=[[:wikipedia:The Hindu|The Hindu]]|accessdate=5 February 2013}}
* {{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-12/holistic-living/30144778_1_humanism-prabhat-samgita-shri-shri-anandamurti|title=Songs of a new dawn|last={{aut|[[Subhas Sarkar|Sarkár]]}}|first={{aut|[[Subhas Sarkar|Subhas]]}}|date=12/09/2011|publisher=[[:wikipedia:The Times of India|The Times of India]]|accessdate=6 February 2013}}
* {{cite web|last={{aut|Jha}}|first={{aut|Ujjawala}}|url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/104328504/Shri-Shri-Anandamurti-Ujjawala-jha|title=Shri Shri Anandamurti: A 20th Century Indian Philosopher|date=20/11/2011|publisher=Centre of Advanced Study in Sanskrit, [[:wikipedia:University of Pune|University of Pune]]|pages=2|accessdate=1 February 2013|location=[[:wikipedia:Pune|Pune]], [[:wikipedia:India|India]]}}
* {{cite news|last=[[:wikipedia:The Statesman|{{aut|The Statesman}}]]|url=http://www.thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&show=archive&id=385734&catid=47&year=2011&month=10&day=7|title=Driven by devotion - Meena Banerjee was mesmerised by a few pleasant surprises|date=07/10/2011|publisher=[[:wikipedia:The Statesman|The Statesman]]|accessdate=6 February 2013}}</ref>
* {{cite news|last={{aut|[[:wikipedia:The Hindu|The Hindu]]}}|title=Prabhat Samgiita Divas celebrated|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/09/15/stories/2009091557350400.htm|accessdate=13 February 2013|newspaper=[[:wikipedia:The Hindu|The Hindu]]|date=15/09/2009|location=[[:wikipedia:New Delhi|New Delhi]]}}
{{refend}}
== Further reading ==
== External links ==
* [http://www.prabhatasamgiita.net/ Website]
{{Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar}}
[[Category:Works of Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar]]

Latest revision as of 00:06, 5 November 2013

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