-ji: Difference between revisions

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'''-jī''' or '''Ji''' (Devanagari: जी, Urdu: جی) is mainly an honorific suffix used in many Indian languages such as Hindi, Urdu, Bhojpuri etc. The word "-ji" is not a mainstream word of Bengali language, but sometimes used as suffix after names.
{{Infobox Nonliterary Works
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| short_description = An Indian honorific
| alternative_names = Ji
| in_other_languages =HindiL जी<br/>Urdu: جی<br/>Bengali: জী
| motto =
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'''-jī''' or '''Ji''' (Devanagari: जी, Urdu: جی, Bengali: জী) is mainly an honorific suffix used in many Indian languages such as Hindi, Urdu, Bhojpuri etc. The word "-ji" is not a mainstream word in Bengali language, but sometimes used as suffix after names or salutations.


== Origin ==
== Origin ==
The origin of the ''ji'' honorific is uncertain.<ref name="ref04lepup">[http://books.google.com/books?id=lPItAQAAIAAJ Archiv Orientální, Volume 75], Československý orientální ústav v Praze, Orientální ústav (Československá akademie věd), 2007, ''... Artur Karp is concerned with the etymology of the honorific —ji, which belongs to the basic vocabulary of Hindi. Its etymology is unclear and the author points out several possibilities ...''</ref> One suggestion is that it is a borrowing from an Austroasiatic language such as Sora.<ref name="ref15civum">[http://books.google.com/books?id=ma5YB0cIJ_kC Sora-English Dictionary], Giḍugu Veṅkaṭarāmamūrti, Mittal Publications, 1986, ''... Is honorific -ji used in the neo-Aryan languages of India borrowed from Sora? ...''</ref> Another is that the term means 'soul' or 'life' (similar to the ''jān'' suffix) and is derived from Sanskrit.<ref name="ref40jahev">[http://books.google.com/books?id=gjKv1IhDoMgC Perfecting Women: Maulana Ashraf ʻAlī Thanawi's Bihishti Zewar: a Partial Translation with Commentary], Ashraf ʻAlī Thānvī, Barbara Daly Metcalf, pp. 165, University of California Press, 1992, ISBN 9780520080935, ''... Seemingly used interchangeably, the terms qalb, dil, and ji are, respectively, Arabic, Persian, and Hindi in origin, the linguistic universalism suggesting the comprehensiveness the term "heart" is meant to convey; in all three cases, the meaning spills over to "self", "mind," and "soul" ...''</ref>
The origin of the ''ji'' honorific is uncertain and unkknown.<ref name="ref04lepup">[http://books.google.com/books?id=lPItAQAAIAAJ Archiv Orientální, Volume 75], Československý orientální ústav v Praze, Orientální ústav (Československá akademie věd), 2007, ''... Artur Karp is concerned with the etymology of the honorific —ji, which belongs to the basic vocabulary of Hindi. Its etymology is unclear and the author points out several possibilities ...''</ref> One suggestion is that it is a borrowing from an Austroasiatic language such as Sora.<ref name="ref15civum">[http://books.google.com/books?id=ma5YB0cIJ_kC Sora-English Dictionary], Giḍugu Veṅkaṭarāmamūrti, Mittal Publications, 1986, ''... Is honorific -ji used in the neo-Aryan languages of India borrowed from Sora? ...''</ref> Another is that the term means 'soul' or 'life' (similar to the ''jān'' suffix) and is derived from Sanskrit.<ref name="ref40jahev">[http://books.google.com/books?id=gjKv1IhDoMgC Perfecting Women: Maulana Ashraf ʻAlī Thanawi's Bihishti Zewar: a Partial Translation with Commentary], Ashraf ʻAlī Thānvī, Barbara Daly Metcalf, pp. 165, University of California Press, 1992, ISBN 9780520080935, ''... Seemingly used interchangeably, the terms qalb, dil, and ji are, respectively, Arabic, Persian, and Hindi in origin, the linguistic universalism suggesting the comprehensiveness the term "heart" is meant to convey; in all three cases, the meaning spills over to "self", "mind," and "soul" ...''</ref>


== Spelling variations ==
== Spelling variations ==
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Example<br/>
Example<br/>
(Names)
(Names)
* Anandamurtiji
* Anandamurtijii
* Netaji
* Netaji
* Swamiji
* Swamiji
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=== As a standalone word ===
=== As a standalone word ===
-ji may also be used as a single word and as an independent word, its meaning changes depending on the way word is pronounced or punctuation is used after it in writing.
-ji may also be used as a single word and as an independent word, its meaning changes depending on the way word is pronounced or punctuation is used after it in writing.
These are not used in Bengali language. The Bengali equivalent is "আজ্ঞে".


Examples
Examples
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; "-ji" as "okay" or "all right"
; "-ji" as "okay" or "all right"
* '''Person 1:''' I'll reach there by 6 pm
* '''Person 1:''' I'll reach there by 6 pm
* '''Person 2:''' '''{{Red|Ji.}}'''
* '''Person 2:''' '''{{Red|Ji.}}''' (means "okay/all right")


; "-ji" as "yes"
; "-ji" as "yes"
* '''Person 1:''' Do you have an English-Hebrew dictionary?
* '''Person 1:''' Do you have an English-Hebrew dictionary?
* '''Person 2:''' '''{{Red|Ji.}}'''
* '''Person 2:''' '''{{Red|Ji.}}''' (means "yes")


; "-ji" as a question like "what?" "please clarify" "please repeat"
; "-ji" as a question like "what?" "please clarify" "please repeat"
* '''Person 1:''' CR8 became today's MoM?
* '''Person 1:''' CR8 became today's MoM?
* '''Person 2:''' '''{{Red|Ji?}}'''
* '''Person 2:''' '''{{Red|Ji?}}''' (means "What?" or "Please clarify." CR8 is the nickname of footballer Cristiano Ronaldo and MoM means "Man of the Match", but the person failed to understand these and asked for clarification.)


; Double "-ji"
; Double "-ji"
Double "-ji" mainly means "okay, okay" or "yes, yes" and indicates a strong opinion  
Double "-ji" mainly means "okay, okay" or "yes, yes" and indicates a strong opinion  
* '''Person 1:''' Have you understood, what I sad?
* '''Person 1:''' Have you understood, what I said?
* '''Person 2:''' '''{{Red|Ji ji}}''' (yes, yes/ absolutely)
* '''Person 2:''' '''{{Red|Ji ji}}''' (yes, yes/ absolutely)


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{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


== External links ==
* '''[[:wikipedia:-ji|-ji]]''' at Wikipedia
[[Category:Lifestyle]]
[[Category:Lifestyle]]
[[Category:Samskrta words and phrases]]
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