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{{Infobox | {{#seo: | ||
|keywords=Ananda Marga,Ananda Marg,Anand Marg,Shrii Shrii Anandamurti,Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar,meditation,yoga,spiritual practices,16 Points,spiritual path | |||
|description=Ananda Marga spiritual practices | |||
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{{Infobox spirituality | |||
|name = Ananda Marga | |name = Ananda Marga | ||
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|website = {{URL|www.anandamarga.org}} | |website = {{URL|www.anandamarga.org}} | ||
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'''Ananda Marga''' (''Ánanda Márga'' or ''{{IAST|Ānanda Mārga}}'' in Roman [[:wikipedia:Sanskrit|Sanskrit]] [[Roman Sanskrit|transliterations]], {{lang|sa|आनन्द मार्ग}} in Hindi script and আনন্দ মার্গ in Bengali script), meaning "The Path of Bliss", also spelled ''Anand Marg'' and ''Ananda Marg'') is the comprehensive spiritual path (set of spiritually based or spiritually oriented practices) prescribed by [[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar|Shrii Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar]] aka Shrii Shrii Anandamurti.<ref group=note>Ánandamúrti, as he was called by his early disciples, is a Saḿmskrta word meaning "Bliss personified".</ref> At his direction, all personal instruction in these practices (including yoga exercises and meditation) must always be provided '''free of charge'''. | |||
'''Ánanda Márga''' | |||
== History == | == History == | ||
On 1939 August 2, (at 8:30 pm, on the [[:wikipedia:full moon|full moon]] day of ''Shravani''<ref group=note>''[[wikipedia:Shraavana|Shravan]]'' is the fifth month of the Indian lunar calendar, beginning in late July and ending in the third week of August. It is the month of festivals, commemorating the precedence of the sacred over all aspects of life.</ref> ''Purnima''<ref group=note>''[[wikipedia:Shraavana|Shravani]]'' ''[[wikipedia:Purnima (day)|Purnima]]'' is the [[wikipedia:Full moon|full moon]] in the month of ''Shravan''.</ref>), Sarkar imparted tantric initiation to Kalicharan Bandyopadhyay (after aka Kalikananda Avadhuta) at the ''Kashi Mitra Ghát́'' on the bank of the [[:wikipedia:Bhagirathi|Bhagirathi]] river in [[:wikipedia:Kolkata| | On 1939 August 2, (at 8:30 pm, on the [[:wikipedia:full moon|full moon]] day of ''Shravani''<ref group=note>''[[wikipedia:Shraavana|Shravan]]'' is the fifth month of the Indian lunar calendar, beginning in late July and ending in the third week of August. It is the month of festivals, commemorating the precedence of the sacred over all aspects of life.</ref> ''Purnima''<ref group=note>''[[wikipedia:Shraavana|Shravani]]'' ''[[wikipedia:Purnima (day)|Purnima]]'' is the [[wikipedia:Full moon|full moon]] in the month of ''Shravan''.</ref>), Sarkar imparted tantric initiation to Kalicharan Bandyopadhyay (after aka Kalikananda Avadhuta) at the ''Kashi Mitra Ghát́'' on the bank of the [[:wikipedia:Bhagirathi|Bhagirathi]] river in [[:wikipedia:Kolkata|Kolkata]] (aka Calcutta or Kalikata), [[:wikipedia:West Bengal|West Bengal]], India. This was the start of Sarkar's formal teaching. Sarkar was 18 years old at the time. From 1941 until 1954, Sarkar continued teaching the [[Yoga|yogic]] techniques of tantra<ref group=note>P.R. Sarkar clearly explained in his books the meaning of ''Tantra'': "What is ''Tantra''? The process of transforming (latent divinity) into the Supreme Divinity is known as ''Tantra sadhana''... The significance of the term ''tantra'' is 'liberation from bondage (the bondage of dullness or staticity)'. The letter ''ta'' is the seed (sound) of dulness. And the root verb ''trae'' suffixed by ''da'' becomes ''tra'', which means 'that which liberates' - so the spiritual practice which liberates the aspirant from the dullness or animality of the static force and expands the aspirant's (spiritual) self is ''Tantra sadhana''. So there cannot be any spiritual practice without ''Tantra''. {{cite book |title=Discourses on Tantra |volume=2 |author=Shrii Shrii Anandamurti (Ac. Vijayananda Avt. Editor) |publisher= AMPS-Ananda Printers |year=1994}} "''Tantra'' in itself is neither a religion nor an 'ism'. Tantra is a fundamental spiritual science. So wherever there is any spiritual practice it should be taken for granted that it stands on the ''Tantric'' cult. Where there is no spiritual practice, where people pray to God for the fulfillment of narrow worldly desires, where people's only slogan is "Give us this and give us that" – only there do we find that Tantra is discouraged. So only those who do not understand ''Tantra'', or even after understanding ''Tantra'' do not want to do any spiritual practice, oppose the cult of ''Tantra''." (Anandamurti, Shrii Shrii, 1959).</ref> to a select few in [[:wikipedia:Jamalpur, Munger|Jamalpur]] (in Bihar, India), while employed as an accountant of the [[wikipedia:Indian Railways|Indian Railways]]. In 1955, Sarkar founded the [[Ananda Marga Pracaraka Samgha]], taking on the role of its first president. Sarkar then resigned from his job with the Indian Railways to dedicate his full-time to that mission. From 1955 until his death in 1990, Sarkar not only went on expanding the scope and global penetration of the Samgha, but he also continuously amplified the teachings and practices of his Ananda Marga. Among other things, in the course of those 35 years, he produced over 200 books on a wide range of topics, he extensively expounded his social theory ([[PROUT]]), he set forth his ultra-positive social outlook ([[Neohumanism]]), and he composed 5,018 songs ([[Prabhat Samgiita]]). To promote his Ananda Marga, Sarkar created a cadre of spiritual teachers, known as [[tattvika]]s and [[acarya]]s. Those teachers who became renunciates were initiated by Sarkar into the [[wikipedia:Shaivism|Shaivite]] order of [[avadhuta]]. | ||
Unlike most other tantric or yogic missions, Ananda Marga has only one Guru, Shrii Shrii Anandamurti. After his demise, the role of Marga Gurudeva was not passed on to a successor. Hence, the fundamental philosophy and practices of Ananda Marga are largely fixed. | Unlike most other tantric or yogic missions, Ananda Marga has only one Guru, Shrii Shrii Anandamurti. After his demise, the role of Marga Gurudeva was not passed on to a successor. Hence, the fundamental philosophy and practices of Ananda Marga are largely fixed. | ||
== Conceptual framework == | == Conceptual framework == | ||
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According to Sarkar, when a conscious desire for liberation or perfection arises in the mind, one attains the ''sadguru'' (unfailing spiritual guide).<ref>{{cite book |title=Ánanda Sútram |author=Shrii Shrii Anandamurti |location=Jamalpur |publisher= Ananda Marga Pubs |year=1961 |ISBN=978-8172520274}}</ref> | According to Sarkar, when a conscious desire for liberation or perfection arises in the mind, one attains the ''sadguru'' (unfailing spiritual guide).<ref>{{cite book |title=Ánanda Sútram |author=Shrii Shrii Anandamurti |location=Jamalpur |publisher= Ananda Marga Pubs |year=1961 |ISBN=978-8172520274}}</ref> | ||
In practical terms, the stance of Ananda Marga is rational and pragmatic. Ananda Marga rejects dogma and ritualistic worship, including religious prayer, in favor of subjective approach through objective adjustment.<ref>{{cite book |title=Ánanda Sútram |author=Shrii Shrii Anandamurti |location=Jamalpur |publisher= Ananda Marga Pubs |year=1961 |ISBN=978-8172520274}}</ref> To enhance devotion (love for the Supreme), Ananda Marga prescribes various yogic and tantric practices for physical, mental, and spiritual development, which Sarkar encapsulated in his [[# | In practical terms, the stance of Ananda Marga is rational and pragmatic. Ananda Marga rejects dogma and ritualistic worship, including religious prayer, in favor of subjective approach through objective adjustment.<ref>{{cite book |title=Ánanda Sútram |author=Shrii Shrii Anandamurti |location=Jamalpur |publisher= Ananda Marga Pubs |year=1961 |ISBN=978-8172520274}}</ref> To enhance devotion (love for the Supreme), Ananda Marga prescribes various yogic and tantric practices for physical, mental, and spiritual development, which Sarkar encapsulated in his [[#Discipline|Sixteen Points]].<ref group=note>Sarkar formulated his Sixteen Points in 1971 about a month before his arrest on December 29.</ref> | ||
In social terms, the stance of Ananda Marga is unifying. Ananda Marga sees a happy blending of individual and collective welfare. In the final analysis, the welfare of the individual depends on the welfare of the collectivity and vice versa.<ref>{{cite book |title=Ánanda Sútram |author=Shrii Shrii Anandamurti |location=Jamalpur |publisher= Ananda Marga Pubs |year=1961 |ISBN=978-8172520274}}</ref> To materialize a progressive society in which this condition is recognized and materialized, Sarkar introduced his [[Progressive Utilization Theory]] and [[Neohumanism]]. | In social terms, the stance of Ananda Marga is unifying. Ananda Marga sees a happy blending of individual and collective welfare. In the final analysis, the welfare of the individual depends on the welfare of the collectivity and vice versa.<ref>{{cite book |title=Ánanda Sútram |author=Shrii Shrii Anandamurti |location=Jamalpur |publisher= Ananda Marga Pubs |year=1961 |ISBN=978-8172520274}}</ref> To materialize a progressive society in which this condition is recognized and materialized, Sarkar introduced his [[Progressive Utilization Theory]] and [[Neohumanism]]. | ||
== Discipline == | == Discipline == | ||
{{Yama-Niyama}} | {{Yama-Niyama}} | ||
{{See also|Sixteen Points}} | |||
The practical discipline (cult) of Ananda Marga consists of sixteen elements and is hence commonly referred to as the Sixteen Points. In their original order, these sixteen points pertain to the following subjects:<ref>{{cite book|title=Ananda Marga Caryacarya Part 2 |last=Anandamurti |first=Shrii Shrii |year=1987-4th ed. |publisher=''Ananda Marga'' Publications |ISBN=978-8172521530}}</ref> | The practical discipline (cult) of Ananda Marga consists of sixteen elements and is hence commonly referred to as the Sixteen Points. In their original order, these sixteen points pertain to the following subjects:<ref>{{cite book|title=Ananda Marga Caryacarya Part 2 |last=Anandamurti |first=Shrii Shrii |year=1987-4th ed. |publisher=''Ananda Marga'' Publications |ISBN=978-8172521530}}</ref> | ||
{{columns-list|4|style=width: | {{columns-list|4|style=width:700px| | ||
# [[#Excretion|Excretion]] | # [[#Excretion|Excretion]] | ||
# [[#Genitalia|Genitalia]] | # [[#Genitalia|Genitalia]] | ||
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=== Bath === | === Bath === | ||
{{See also|Bathing Procedure and Pitr Yajina}} | |||
[[Image:Pp-all-no arrows.jpg|thumb|220px|right|upright|Bath mantra]] | [[Image:Pp-all-no arrows.jpg|thumb|220px|right|upright|Bath mantra]] | ||
Take a full bath at least once a day. In a very hot climate, take a full bath at least twice a day. Before drying the body, face the sun or a bright light, and perform the bath mantra (''pitr yajiṋa''). The associated gestures express the spirit of the mantra while ensuring that the rays of light are absorbed evenly throughout the upper torso. | Take a full bath at least once a day. In a very hot climate, take a full bath at least twice a day. Before drying the body, face the sun or a bright light, and perform the bath mantra (''pitr yajiṋa''). The associated gestures express the spirit of the mantra while ensuring that the rays of light are absorbed evenly throughout the upper torso. | ||
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=== Food === | === Food === | ||
{{see also|Procedure for Eating}} | |||
Both body and mind require food. Hence, food may be either carbonic or non-carbonic. In both cases, appropriate food should be consumed. | Both body and mind require food. Hence, food may be either carbonic or non-carbonic. In both cases, appropriate food should be consumed. | ||
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=== Fasting === | === Fasting === | ||
{{main|Fasting}} | |||
{{See also|Procedure for Fasting}} | |||
When in good health, observe a complete fast on the appropriate fasting days. For householders, the fasting days are the eleventh day (''ekádashii'') after both the new moon (''amávasyá'') and the full moon (''púrńimá''). For renunciates, the fasting days are ''ekádashii'', ''amávasyá'', and ''púrńimá''. In other words, householders fast twice in a lunar month, and renunciates fast four times in a lunar month. The extra time and attention from not eating should be dedicated to contemplation of the Supreme (''upavása'', living near the Lord). | When in good health, observe a complete fast on the appropriate fasting days. For householders, the fasting days are the eleventh day (''ekádashii'') after both the new moon (''amávasyá'') and the full moon (''púrńimá''). For renunciates, the fasting days are ''ekádashii'', ''amávasyá'', and ''púrńimá''. In other words, householders fast twice in a lunar month, and renunciates fast four times in a lunar month. The extra time and attention from not eating should be dedicated to contemplation of the Supreme (''upavása'', living near the Lord). | ||
[[Image:MedAsana.png|thumb|220px|right|upright|Meditation and asanas.]] | [[Image:MedAsana.png|thumb|220px|right|upright|Meditation and asanas.]] | ||
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=== Sanctity of the Supreme Direction === | === Sanctity of the Supreme Direction === | ||
Maintain noncompromising strictness and faith regarding the sanctity of the Supreme Direction. The Supreme Direction sets out the essence of Ananda Marga and what it means to be an Ananda Margii. | Maintain noncompromising strictness and faith regarding the sanctity of the [[Supreme Direction]]. The Supreme Direction sets out the essence of Ananda Marga and what it means to be an Ananda Margii. | ||
This practice ensures success in spiritual life. It also connects the individual with all other beings in the spirit of service and blessedness. | This practice ensures success in spiritual life. It also connects the individual with all other beings in the spirit of service and blessedness. | ||
=== Dharmacakra === | === Dharmacakra === | ||
{{See also|Dharmacakra}} | |||
In Ananda Marga, ''dharmacakra'' is the combined force of yogiis operating as one, especially in meditation. When in good health, attendance at the weekly dharmacakra is a must. | In Ananda Marga, ''dharmacakra'' is the combined force of yogiis operating as one, especially in meditation. When in good health, attendance at the weekly dharmacakra is a must. | ||
This practice accelerates personal spiritual progress, and it creates a powerful, collective mental force for solving all problems of the world. | This practice accelerates personal spiritual progress, and it creates a powerful, collective mental force for solving all problems of the world. | ||
=== | === Oaths === | ||
After waking, remember with resolve the vows taken at the time of initiation as well as any other tantric vows taken, for example, marriage vows. | After waking, remember with resolve the vows taken at the time of initiation as well as any other tantric vows taken, for example, marriage vows. | ||
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=== Citations === | === Citations === | ||
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=== Sources === | === Sources === | ||
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* {{citation|title=Yoga Sadhana |last={{aut|Anandamurti}} |first=Shrii Shrii (Ac. Sarvatmananda Avt. Editor) |location=Kolkata |publisher=Ananda Marga Publications |year=2010-originally published in Bengali: 1958 |ISBN=978-81-7252-245-2}} | * {{citation|title=Yoga Sadhana |last={{aut|Anandamurti}} |first=Shrii Shrii (Ac. Sarvatmananda Avt. Editor) |location=Kolkata |publisher=Ananda Marga Publications |year=2010-originally published in Bengali: 1958 |ISBN=978-81-7252-245-2}} | ||
* {{citation|title=A Guide to Human Conduct |last={{aut|Anandamurti}} |first=Shrii Shrii |location=Jamalpur |publisher= Ananda Marga Pubs |year=1957-1981 |ISBN=978-8172521035}} | * {{citation|title=A Guide to Human Conduct |last={{aut|Anandamurti}} |first=Shrii Shrii |location=Jamalpur |publisher= Ananda Marga Pubs |year=1957-1981 |ISBN=978-8172521035}} | ||
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* {{citation|title=Yogic Treatments and Natural Remedies |last={{aut|Sarkar}} |first=Prabhat Ranjan |location=Jamalpur |publisher= Ananda Marga-Ananda Printers |year=1957 |ISBN=978-8172520250}} | * {{citation|title=Yogic Treatments and Natural Remedies |last={{aut|Sarkar}} |first=Prabhat Ranjan |location=Jamalpur |publisher= Ananda Marga-Ananda Printers |year=1957 |ISBN=978-8172520250}} | ||
* {{citation|title=Anandamurti As I Knew Him |last={{aut|Vijayananda}} |first=Avt. |location=Kolkata |publisher= Ananda Marga-Ananda Publications |year=1994 |ISBN= 81-7252-072-7}} | * {{citation|title=Anandamurti As I Knew Him |last={{aut|Vijayananda}} |first=Avt. |location=Kolkata |publisher= Ananda Marga-Ananda Publications |year=1994 |ISBN= 81-7252-072-7}} | ||
* {{citation|last= {{aut|Monier Williams}} |url= http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/monier/ |year= 2012 |publisher= Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries of the State University of Cologne |title= Monier Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary On-line |accessdate= 23 December 2012 |ref= {{sfnRef|Monier Williams|2012}}}} | * {{citation|last= {{aut|Monier Williams}} |url= http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/monier/ |year= 2012 |publisher= Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries of the State University of Cologne |title= Monier Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary On-line |accessdate= 23 December 2012 |ref= {{sfnRef|Monier Williams|2012}}}} | ||
* {{citation|last= {{aut|A. Jones and A.D. Ryan}} |url= http://hinduism.enacademic.com/67/Ananda_Marga_Yoga_Society/ |year= 2007 |publisher= Encyclpedia of Hinduism |title= Ananda Marga Yoga Society |accessdate= 16 August 2013 |ref= {{sfnRef|Monier Williams|2012}}}} | * {{citation|last= {{aut|A. Jones and A.D. Ryan}} |url= http://hinduism.enacademic.com/67/Ananda_Marga_Yoga_Society/ |year= 2007 |publisher= Encyclpedia of Hinduism |title= Ananda Marga Yoga Society |accessdate= 16 August 2013 |ref= {{sfnRef|Monier Williams|2012}}}} | ||
== Further reading == | == Further reading == | ||
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* Inayatullah, Sohail. (2002) Understanding Sarkar: The Indian Episteme, Macrohistory and Transformative Knowledge. Leiden: Brill. | * Inayatullah, Sohail. (2002) Understanding Sarkar: The Indian Episteme, Macrohistory and Transformative Knowledge. Leiden: Brill. | ||
* Tarak. (1990). [http://worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/27387128&referer=brief_results Ananda Marga, social and spiritual practices]. Calcutta: Ananda Marga Publications. | * Tarak. (1990). [http://worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/27387128&referer=brief_results Ananda Marga, social and spiritual practices]. Calcutta: Ananda Marga Publications. | ||
* | * Anandamurti, Shrii Shrii (1988). [http://worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/25872096&referer=brief_results ''Ananda Marga'' ideology and way of life in a nutshell]. Calcutta: ''Ānanda Mārga Pracāraka Saṁgha''. | ||
* {{cite book|title=Problems of the Day |last=Sarkar |first=Prabhat Ranjan |location=Jamalpur |publisher= Ananda Marga Pubs |year=1957-1968 |ISBN=81-7252-019-0}} | * {{cite book|title=Problems of the Day |last=Sarkar |first=Prabhat Ranjan |location=Jamalpur |publisher= Ananda Marga Pubs |year=1957-1968 |ISBN=81-7252-019-0}} | ||
* {{cite book|title=Idea and Ideology |author= | * {{cite book|title=Idea and Ideology |author=Sarkar, Prabhat Ranjan (Ac. Pranavananda Avt. Editor) |location=Kolkata |year=1961-2001 |publisher=Ananda Marga Publications |isbn=81-7252-205-3}} | ||
* {{cite book|title=Yogic Treatments and Natural Remedies |last=Sarkar |first=Prabhat Ranjan |year=1957 first ed. in Bengali, 1983 first ed. in English |location=Jamalpur/Calcutta |publisher=Ananda Marga Publications |ISBN=978-8172520250}} | * {{cite book|title=Yogic Treatments and Natural Remedies |last=Sarkar |first=Prabhat Ranjan |year=1957 first ed. in Bengali, 1983 first ed. in English |location=Jamalpur/Calcutta |publisher=Ananda Marga Publications |ISBN=978-8172520250}} | ||
* {{cite book|title=The Liberation of Intellect: Neohumanism |last=Sarkar |first=Prabhat Ranjan |year=1982 |publisher=Ananda Marga Publications |location=Kolkata |ISBN=978-8172521684}} | * {{cite book|title=The Liberation of Intellect: Neohumanism |last=Sarkar |first=Prabhat Ranjan |year=1982 |publisher=Ananda Marga Publications |location=Kolkata |ISBN=978-8172521684}} | ||
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* [http://www.anandamarga.net/ ''Ananda Marga''.net] | * [http://www.anandamarga.net/ ''Ananda Marga''.net] | ||
* [http://am-bhagavatadharma.com/ ''Ananda Marga Bhagavatadharma''] | * [http://am-bhagavatadharma.com/ ''Ananda Marga Bhagavatadharma''] | ||
[[Category:Nonliterary works of Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar]] | |||
[[fr:Ananda Marga]] | |||