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|description=PROUT, the Progressive Utilization Theory of Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar, is a systematic collection of social, economic, and political principles for a healthy society. | |description=PROUT, the Progressive Utilization Theory of Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar, is a systematic collection of social, economic, and political principles for a healthy society. | ||
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{{Infobox Nonliterary Works | {{Infobox Nonliterary Works | ||
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PROUT extends the general concept of industry to include all aspects of the agricultural and service sectors as well, arguing that they too should be run in an efficient industrial fashion. Regarding the [[:wikipedia:Industrial organization|industrial structure]], PROUT advocates a three-tiered approach:<ref>Sarkar, Prabhat Ranjan (1984). "Socio-Economic Movements" published in ''A Few Problems Solved Part 9''. [[Ananda Marga Publications]].</ref> | PROUT extends the general concept of industry to include all aspects of the agricultural and service sectors as well, arguing that they too should be run in an efficient industrial fashion. Regarding the [[:wikipedia:Industrial organization|industrial structure]], PROUT advocates a three-tiered approach:<ref>Sarkar, Prabhat Ranjan (1984). "Socio-Economic Movements" published in ''A Few Problems Solved Part 9''. [[Ananda Marga Publications]].</ref> | ||
* {{anchor|ki}}''Key industries'' are those industries that are essential for the running of other industries (for example, mining of [[:wikipedia:Raw materials|raw materials]], supply of the [[:wikipedia:Electric power industry|electric power industry]], the [[:wikipedia:Dairy industry|dairy industry]], and the [[:wikipedia:Mail|postal system]]). As these industries are critical for the entire economy, they should be run on a [[:wikipedia:Break-even (economics)|break-even]] basis.<ref name="Sarkar, Prabhat Ranjan 1982">Sarkar, Prabhat Ranjan (1982). "Decentralized Economy – 1" published in ''PROUT in a Nutshell Volume 4 Part 21''. [[Ananda Marga Publications]].</ref> According to PROUT, such industries must be closely regulated by the State for the welfare of the entire society. In other words, they must never be [[:wikipedia:Privatization|privatized]], as this would jeopardize the entire economy. To offset some of the inefficiency of government control and to promote decentralization, PROUT would assign the managerial role for key industries to local government. Typically, key industries tend to be very large-scale. However, in some special cases, a key industry or a portion of it might be conveniently run as a [[ | * {{anchor|ki}}''Key industries'' are those industries that are essential for the running of other industries (for example, mining of [[:wikipedia:Raw materials|raw materials]], supply of the [[:wikipedia:Electric power industry|electric power industry]], the [[:wikipedia:Dairy industry|dairy industry]], and the [[:wikipedia:Mail|postal system]]). As these industries are critical for the entire economy, they should be run on a [[:wikipedia:Break-even (economics)|break-even]] basis.<ref name="Sarkar, Prabhat Ranjan 1982">Sarkar, Prabhat Ranjan (1982). "Decentralized Economy – 1" published in ''PROUT in a Nutshell Volume 4 Part 21''. [[Ananda Marga Publications]].</ref> According to PROUT, such industries must be closely regulated by the State for the welfare of the entire society. In other words, they must never be [[:wikipedia:Privatization|privatized]], as this would jeopardize the entire economy. To offset some of the inefficiency of government control and to promote decentralization, PROUT would assign the managerial role for key industries to local government. Typically, key industries tend to be very large-scale. However, in some special cases, a key industry or a portion of it might be conveniently run as a [[#mlc|medium-to-large-scale cooperative]] or even a [[#se|small-scale enterprise]]. If so, PROUT would still insist that those operations be carefully regulated by local government.<ref>Sarkar, Prabhat Ranjan (1988). "Decentralized Economy – 2" published in ''PROUT in a Nutshell Volume 4 Part 16''. [[Ananda Marga Publications]].</ref> | ||
* {{anchor|mlc}}''Medium- and large-scale industries'' that are not [[#ki|key industries]] should be run as [[#Cooperatives|cooperatives]].<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Regarding agriculture (the land and the harvest), as opposed to agrico-industry (industries that supply pre-harvesting and harvesting requirements) and agro-industry (post-harvesting industries dependent on agricultural production), PROUT asserts that cooperatives are the best way to rationalize the agricultural sector. Cooperatives give scope for efficient utilization of land and, at the same time, ensure economic security to all farmers. Taking into account the powerful sentiment of farmers for their land, PROUT would initiate farmers' cooperatives with a four-phase approach. The transitional period will give everyone the opportunity to adjust with the new system on seeing the individual and collective benefits that accrue.<ref>Sarkar, Prabhat Ranjan (1982). "Farmers Cooperatives" | * {{anchor|mlc}}''Medium- and large-scale industries'' that are not [[#ki|key industries]] should be run as [[#Cooperatives|cooperatives]].<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Regarding agriculture (the land and the harvest), as opposed to agrico-industry (industries that supply pre-harvesting and harvesting requirements) and agro-industry (post-harvesting industries dependent on agricultural production), PROUT asserts that cooperatives are the best way to rationalize the agricultural sector. Cooperatives give scope for efficient utilization of land and, at the same time, ensure economic security to all farmers. Taking into account the powerful sentiment of farmers for their land, PROUT would initiate farmers' cooperatives with a four-phase approach. The transitional period will give everyone the opportunity to adjust with the new system on seeing the individual and collective benefits that accrue.<ref>Sarkar, Prabhat Ranjan (1982). "Farmers Cooperatives" | ||
published in ''PROUT in a Nutshell Volume 4 Part 20''. [[Ananda Marga Publications]].</ref> | published in ''PROUT in a Nutshell Volume 4 Part 20''. [[Ananda Marga Publications]].</ref> | ||
* {{anchor|se}}''Small-scale enterprises'' may be run as a private business. Typically, privately run businesses would provide non-essential commodities or luxury items, that is, [[#Amenities|amenities]]. Small-scale enterprises would include [[:wikipedia:Putting-out system|cottage industries]]. Though such businesses may be privately run, PROUT would require that they maintain an adjustment with the [[ | * {{anchor|se}}''Small-scale enterprises'' may be run as a private business. Typically, privately run businesses would provide non-essential commodities or luxury items, that is, [[#Amenities|amenities]]. Small-scale enterprises would include [[:wikipedia:Putting-out system|cottage industries]]. Though such businesses may be privately run, PROUT would require that they maintain an adjustment with the [[#mlc|cooperative sector]] to ensure a [[PROUT#Balanced economy|balanced economy]].<ref name="Sarkar, Prabhat Ranjan 1982"/> | ||
{{anchor|ep}}'''Economic planning''' | {{anchor|ep}}'''Economic planning''' | ||