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Prabhát Saḿgiita (Bengali: প্রভাত সঙ্গীত Probhat Shongit, pɾɔbhat̪ ʃɔŋɡit̪ - see spelling variations below), also known as Songs of a New Dawn and Prabhat Songs, is the collection of songs composed by Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar.[1] Sarkar composed a total of 5,018 songs, including lyrics and tune, over a period of eight years from 1982 until his death in 1990.[2]

Etymology

In Bengali, the word Prabhát(a) (প্রভাত - pɾɔbhat̪) means dawn, morning or daybreak.[3] The word Sauṋgiit(a) (সঙ্গীত - ʃɔŋɡit̪)[4] also spelled as Saḿgiit(a) (সংগীত - ʃɔŋɡgit̪) means song and music.[3] Thus, prabhát(a) sauṋgiit(a) or prabhát(a) saḿgiit(a) etymologically means "morning song"[3] or "songs of dawn".[5] It has also been interpreted as "songs of a new dawn".[6][1]

Name and Variants

Prabhát Saḿgiit has two most commonly used definitions, namely: "Songs of a New Down"[6] and "Songs of Prabhat".[7][8] It has many spelling variants, with the following reasons: the word saḿgiit has two different spellings in Bengali, there is no fix transliteration rule for most Indian languages, there are also different transcription conventions used in English for Indian languages, the Sanskrit pronunciation has an "a" at the end of both words, which is normally silent in Bengali and Hindi.

Thus we have the word prabhat that can be spelled as:

  • Prabhat, Prabhát, Prabhāt, Prabhata, Prabháta, Prabhāta

And we have the word samgiit that can be spelled as:

  • Sangit, Sangeet, Sangiit, Samgiit, Saḿgiit, Saṃgīt, Sauṋgiit, Saŋgīt and all of these with "a" at the end:
  • Sangita, Sangeeta, Sangiita, Samgiita, Saḿgiita, Saṃgīta, Sauṋgiita and Saŋgīta

If combined, all these variations could create a huge number of spelling variants for Prabhat Samgiit, however not all combinations are used. Subhas Sarkar mainly prefers the variant Prabháta Saḿgiita and sometimes uses Prabhāta saṃgīta.[7] There is no consistency of spelling, even within the same newspapers. The Hindu often spells Prabhat Samgiita[5][8][9] however also spells Prabhat Sangit[10] and also Prabhat Sangeet.[11] The Times of India uses both Prabhat Samgiita[6] and Prabhat Sangeet.[12] Most other newspapers spell Prabhat Sangeet, though some articles prefer Prabhat Sangit and Prabhata Samgiita. Publications of Ananda Marga usually goes by the spelling Prabháta Saḿgiita and also often by Prabhát Saḿgiita and Prabhát Saḿgiit.[13] Older publications, however, tend to use the variant Prabhát Sauṋgiit or Prabháta Sauṋgiita.[4] Finally there are instances of unusual spellings as well, such as Prabhat Sangeeth[1] and Prabhat Samhitta.[14]

Composition, Collection, and Releases

P. R. Sarkar composed the first prabhat samgiit Bandhu he niye calo on 14 September 1982[4] at Deoghar, India.[2] He continued composing songs until his death on 21 October 1990.[6] During that eight years, he composed a total of 5,018 songs,[15] including both lyrics and tune.[14][16][17] The last song, Ámrá gaŕe nova gurukul, was composed on 20 October 1990, one day before his death.[18] Renaissance Artists and Writers Association (RAWA), has sponsored many performances and recordings of selected songs. These performances have featured artists such as Ashwini Bhide-Deshpande, Rashid Khan, Kavita Krishnamurthy, Manoj Kumar, Vithal Rao, Shruti Sadolikar, Haimanti Sukla and Archana Udupa.[citation needed]

Sarkar composed songs in eight different languages: Bengali, Hindi, English, Samskrita, Urdu, Magahi, Maithili and Angika.[7] Sarkar held that songs should be performed in their original language to preserve the composer's rhythm, melody, and meaning. Hence, no permission was given by Sarkar for performance of his songs in any language other than the language in which he composed them.[citation needed]

References

Footnotes

Citations

  1. ^ a b c Subramanya, Mysore 2008.
  2. ^ a b The Telegraph (Calcutta) 20/09/2004.
  3. ^ a b c Biswas, Sailendra.
  4. ^ a b c Sarkár, Prabhát Raiṋjan 21/10/2007.
  5. ^ a b Avadhuta, Divyachetananda Acharya 19/06/2009.
  6. ^ a b c d Sarkar, Subhas 12/09/2011.
  7. ^ a b c Sarkár, Subhas 31/12/2010.
  8. ^ a b "Friday Review Bangalore - Music for humanity" Bangalore, India: The Hindu 21/03/2008 retrieved 5 February 2013 
  9. ^ The Hindu 15/09/2009.
  10. ^ "Music and memories" The Hindu 15/06/2007 retrieved 1 February 2013 
  11. ^ "Metro cultural round-up" The Hindu 20/09/2004 retrieved 1 February 2013 
  12. ^ "Divine music that evokes blissful experience" The Times of India 27/09/2009 retrieved 1 February 2013 
  13. ^ Sarkar, Shrii Prabhat Ranjan (1987) Saḿgiita: Song, Dance and Instrumental Music (1st Edition ed.) Kolkata, India: Ananda Marga Publications ISBN 81-7252-250-9 
  14. ^ a b "Top cultural icon feted" Afternoon (newspaper) 07/06/2011 retrieved 5 February 2013 
  15. ^ Ghista, Garda 30/11/2006.
  16. ^ The Statesman 07/10/2011.
  17. ^ Ujjawala, Jha 20/11/2011.
  18. ^ Sarkár, Prabhát Raiṋjan 30/04/2003.

Sources

Online sources

Further reading

External links


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