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Sarkarverse:Citing sources: Difference between revisions
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{{bots|deny=citation bot}} | {{bots|deny=citation bot}} | ||
{{subcat guideline|content guideline|Citing sources|SV:CS|SV:CITE|SV:REF}} | {{subcat guideline|content guideline|Citing sources|SV:CS|SV:CITE|SV:REF}} | ||
<noinclude>{{pp-semi-indef}}{{pp-move-indef}}</noinclude> | <!--<noinclude>{{pp-semi-indef}}{{pp-move-indef}}</noinclude>--> | ||
A '''citation''', or '''reference''', uniquely dentifies a source of information: | A '''citation''', or '''reference''', uniquely dentifies a source of information: | ||
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Citations are used to identify the [[SV:SOURCES|reliable sources]] on which an article is based. In most cases citations appear in the form of [[Help:footnotes|footnotes]], although they can also appear within the body of an article. Citations indicated by a superscript number or other means in a line of text are called [[SV:INCITE|inline citations]]. | Citations are used to identify the [[SV:SOURCES|reliable sources]] on which an article is based. In most cases citations appear in the form of [[Help:footnotes|footnotes]], although they can also appear within the body of an article. Citations indicated by a superscript number or other means in a line of text are called [[SV:INCITE|inline citations]]. | ||
Sarkarverse's [[Sarkarverse:Verifiability|Verifiability]] policy requires inline citations for any material [[SV:CHALLENGED|challenged or likely to be challenged]], and for all quotations, anywhere in [[SV:Mainspace|article space]]. However, editors are advised to provide citations for all material added to Sarkarverse; any unsourced material risks being unexpectedly challenged or eventually removed. | |||
This page explains how to place and format citations. Each article should use the same citation method throughout; if an article already has citations, adopt the method in use or seek consensus on the talk page before changing it (this principle is known as [[SV:CITEVAR]]). While you should try to write citations correctly, what matters most is that you provide enough information to identify the source. Others will improve the formatting if needed. [[Wikipedia:Referencing for beginners]] provides a brief introduction on how to reference | This page explains how to place and format citations. Each article should use the same citation method throughout; if an article already has citations, adopt the method in use or seek consensus on the talk page before changing it (this principle is known as [[SV:CITEVAR]]). While you should try to write citations correctly, what matters most is that you provide enough information to identify the source. Others will improve the formatting if needed. [[Wikipedia:Referencing for beginners]] provides a brief introduction on how to reference Sarkarverse articles. | ||
{{guideline list}} | {{guideline list}} | ||
==Types of citation== | ==Types of citation== | ||
* A ''full citation'' fully identifies a [[WP:SOURCES|reliable source]] and, where applicable, the place in that source (such as a page number) where the information in question can be found. For example: {{xt|Rawls, John. ''A Theory of Justice.'' Harvard University Press, 1971, p. 1.}} This type of citation is usually given as a [[Help:Footnotes|footnote]], and is the most commonly used citation method in | * A ''full citation'' fully identifies a [[WP:SOURCES|reliable source]] and, where applicable, the place in that source (such as a page number) where the information in question can be found. For example: {{xt|Rawls, John. ''A Theory of Justice.'' Harvard University Press, 1971, p. 1.}} This type of citation is usually given as a [[Help:Footnotes|footnote]], and is the most commonly used citation method in Sarkarverse articles. | ||
* An ''inline citation'' means any citation added close to the material it supports, for example after the sentence or paragraph, normally in the form of a footnote. | * An ''inline citation'' means any citation added close to the material it supports, for example after the sentence or paragraph, normally in the form of a footnote. | ||
* A ''short citation'' is an inline citation that identifies the place in a source where specific information can be found, but without giving full details of the source – these will have been provided in a full bibliographic citation either in an earlier footnote, or in a separate section. For example: {{xt|Rawls 1971, p. 1.}} This system is used in some articles; the short citations may be given either as footnotes, or as [[WP:parenthetical references|parenthetical references]] within the text. | * A ''short citation'' is an inline citation that identifies the place in a source where specific information can be found, but without giving full details of the source – these will have been provided in a full bibliographic citation either in an earlier footnote, or in a separate section. For example: {{xt|Rawls 1971, p. 1.}} This system is used in some articles; the short citations may be given either as footnotes, or as [[WP:parenthetical references|parenthetical references]] within the text. | ||
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==When and why to cite sources== | ==When and why to cite sources== | ||
{{Shortcut| | {{Shortcut|SV:WHYCITE}} | ||
By citing sources for | By citing sources for Sarkarverse content, you enable users to [[SV:V|verify]] that the information given is supported by reliable sources, thus improving the [[reliability of Wikipedia|credibility of Sarkarverse]] while showing that the content is [[WP:NOR|not original research]]. You also help users find [[WP:LINK|additional information]] on the subject; and you avoid [[WP:PLAGFORM|plagiarising]] the source of your words or ideas by giving attribution. | ||
In particular, sources are required for material that is [[WP:V|challenged or likely to be challenged]] – if reliable sources cannot be found for challenged material, it is likely to be removed from the article. Sources are also required when [[WP:QUOTE|quoting]] someone, with or without quotation marks, or [[WP:close paraphrasing|closely paraphrasing]] a source. However, the citing of sources is not limited to those situations – editors are always encouraged to add or improve citations for any information contained in an article. | In particular, sources are required for material that is [[WP:V|challenged or likely to be challenged]] – if reliable sources cannot be found for challenged material, it is likely to be removed from the article. Sources are also required when [[WP:QUOTE|quoting]] someone, with or without quotation marks, or [[WP:close paraphrasing|closely paraphrasing]] a source. However, the citing of sources is not limited to those situations – editors are always encouraged to add or improve citations for any information contained in an article. | ||
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===={{Anchor|MultiPages}}Citing multiple pages of the same source==== | ===={{Anchor|MultiPages}}Citing multiple pages of the same source==== | ||
{{details|Help:References and page numbers}} | {{details|Help:References and page numbers}} | ||
When an article cites many different pages from the same source, to avoid the redundancy of many big, nearly identical full citations, most | When an article cites many different pages from the same source, to avoid the redundancy of many big, nearly identical full citations, most Sarkarverse editors use | ||
* [[WP:CITESHORT|short citations]] in footnotes, | * [[WP:CITESHORT|short citations]] in footnotes, | ||
* [[WP:NAMEDREFS|named references]] in conjunction with the {{tl2|rp}} template to specify the page, or | * [[WP:NAMEDREFS|named references]] in conjunction with the {{tl2|rp}} template to specify the page, or | ||
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{{shortcut|WP:CITESHORT|WP:SFN}} | {{shortcut|WP:CITESHORT|WP:SFN}} | ||
{{main|Help:Shortened footnotes}} | {{main|Help:Shortened footnotes}} | ||
Some | Some Sarkarverse articles use ''short citations'', giving summary information about the source together with a page number, as in {{tag|ref|content=Smith 2010, p. 1.}}. These are used together with ''full citations'', which give full details of the sources, but without page numbers, and are listed in a separate "References" section. Short citations are used in articles which apply [[#Parenthetical referencing|parenthetical referencing]] (see below), but they can also be used as footnote citations, as described here. | ||
Forms of short citations used include author-date referencing ([[APA style]], [[Harvard style]], or [[The Chicago Manual of Style|Chicago style]]), and author-title or author-page referencing ([[The MLA Style Manual|MLA style]] or Chicago style). As before, the list of footnotes is automatically generated in a "Notes" or "Footnotes" section, which immediately precedes the "References" section containing the full citations to the source. Short citations can be written manually, or by using the [[Template:Harvard citation documentation#Shortened footnote|<code><nowiki>{{sfn}}</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>{{harvnb}}</nowiki></code>]] templates. (Note that templates should not be added without consensus to an article that already uses a consistent referencing style.) The short citations and full citations may be linked so that the reader can click on the short note to find full information about the source. See the [[Template:harvard citation documentation|template documentation]] for details and solutions to common problems. For variations with and without templates, see [[/Further considerations#Wikilinks to full references|wikilinks to full references]]. For a set of realistic examples, see [[ | Forms of short citations used include author-date referencing ([[APA style]], [[Harvard style]], or [[The Chicago Manual of Style|Chicago style]]), and author-title or author-page referencing ([[The MLA Style Manual|MLA style]] or Chicago style). As before, the list of footnotes is automatically generated in a "Notes" or "Footnotes" section, which immediately precedes the "References" section containing the full citations to the source. Short citations can be written manually, or by using the [[Template:Harvard citation documentation#Shortened footnote|<code><nowiki>{{sfn}}</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>{{harvnb}}</nowiki></code>]] templates. (Note that templates should not be added without consensus to an article that already uses a consistent referencing style.) The short citations and full citations may be linked so that the reader can click on the short note to find full information about the source. See the [[Template:harvard citation documentation|template documentation]] for details and solutions to common problems. For variations with and without templates, see [[/Further considerations#Wikilinks to full references|wikilinks to full references]]. For a set of realistic examples, see [[Sarkarverse:Citing sources/Example edits for different methods#Shortened notes|these]]. | ||
This is how short citations look in the edit box: | This is how short citations look in the edit box: | ||
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While most articles use footnote citations as described in the above sections, some articles use a [[parenthetical referencing]] style. Here, short citations in parentheses, such as {{xt|(Smith 2010, p. 1)}}, are placed within the article text itself. Full details of each source used are given in a ''full citation'', e.g., {{xt|Smith, John. ''Name of Book''. Cambridge University Press, 2010}}. The full citations are listed in alphabetical order, according to the authors' surnames, at the end of the article in a "References" section. | While most articles use footnote citations as described in the above sections, some articles use a [[parenthetical referencing]] style. Here, short citations in parentheses, such as {{xt|(Smith 2010, p. 1)}}, are placed within the article text itself. Full details of each source used are given in a ''full citation'', e.g., {{xt|Smith, John. ''Name of Book''. Cambridge University Press, 2010}}. The full citations are listed in alphabetical order, according to the authors' surnames, at the end of the article in a "References" section. | ||
Several forms of short citation are used in | Several forms of short citation are used in Sarkarverse; see [[#Short citations|Short citations]] above. The inline citation and full citation may be linked using a template (see [[WP:Parenthetical referencing#Linking inline and full citations|linking inline and full citations]]); as with other citation templates, these should not be added to articles without consensus. | ||
This is how it looks in the edit box: | This is how it looks in the edit box: | ||
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===Links and ID numbers=== | ===Links and ID numbers=== | ||
A citation ideally includes a link or ID number to help editors locate the source. If you have a URL (webpage) link, you can add it to the title part of the citation, so that when you add the citation to | A citation ideally includes a link or ID number to help editors locate the source. If you have a URL (webpage) link, you can add it to the title part of the citation, so that when you add the citation to Sarkarverse the URL becomes hidden and the title becomes clickable. To do this, enclose the URL and the title in square brackets—the URL first, then a space, then the title. For example: | ||
<blockquote><code><nowiki>Carr A, Ory D (2006). [http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030496 "Does HIV cause cardiovascular disease?"] ''PLoS Medicine'', 3(11):e496.</nowiki></code></blockquote> | <blockquote><code><nowiki>Carr A, Ory D (2006). [http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030496 "Does HIV cause cardiovascular disease?"] ''PLoS Medicine'', 3(11):e496.</nowiki></code></blockquote> | ||
For web-only sources with no publication date, the "Retrieved" date (or the date you accessed the webpage) should be included, in case the webpage changes in the future. For example: {{xt|Retrieved 15 July 2011}} or you can use the [[Wikipedia:RefToolbar 2.0#Automatic date insertion|accessdate]] parameter in the automatic [[Wikipedia:refToolbar 2.0]] editing window feature. | For web-only sources with no publication date, the "Retrieved" date (or the date you accessed the webpage) should be included, in case the webpage changes in the future. For example: {{xt|Retrieved 15 July 2011}} or you can use the [[Wikipedia:RefToolbar 2.0#Automatic date insertion|accessdate]] parameter in the automatic [[Wikipedia:refToolbar 2.0]] editing window feature. | ||
You can also add an ID number to the end of a citation. The ID number might be an [[ISBN]] for a book, a [[Digital object identifier|DOI]] (Digital Object Identifier) for an article, or any of several ID numbers that are specific to particular article databases, such as a PMID number for articles on [[PubMed]]. It may be possible to format these so that they are automatically activated and become clickable when added to | You can also add an ID number to the end of a citation. The ID number might be an [[ISBN]] for a book, a [[Digital object identifier|DOI]] (Digital Object Identifier) for an article, or any of several ID numbers that are specific to particular article databases, such as a PMID number for articles on [[PubMed]]. It may be possible to format these so that they are automatically activated and become clickable when added to Sarkarverse, for example by typing ISBN (or PMID) followed by a space and the ID number. Additionally, several templates exist to facilitate references from these standard sources; see [[Template:Cite doi]] and [[Template:Cite jstor]], for using [[Digital object identifier|DOI]] and [[JSTOR]] identifiers, respectively. | ||
If your source is not available online, it should be available in reputable libraries, archives, or collections. If a citation without an external link is challenged as unavailable, any of the following is sufficient to show the material to be reasonably available (though not necessarily [[ | If your source is not available online, it should be available in reputable libraries, archives, or collections. If a citation without an external link is challenged as unavailable, any of the following is sufficient to show the material to be reasonably available (though not necessarily [[Sarkarverse:Verifiability#Reliable sources|reliable]]): providing an [[ISBN]] or [[OCLC]] number; linking to an established Sarkarverse article about the source (the work, its author, or its publisher); or directly quoting the material on the talk page, [[WP:COPYVIO|briefly]] and in context. | ||
====Linking to Google Books pages==== | ====Linking to Google Books pages==== | ||
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====Convenience links==== | ====Convenience links==== | ||
{{main|Wikipedia:Copyrights#Linking to copyrighted works}} | {{main|Wikipedia:Copyrights#Linking to copyrighted works}} | ||
A ''convenience link'' is a link to a copy of your source on a webpage provided by someone other than the original publisher or author. For example, a copy of a newspaper article no longer available on the newspaper's website may be hosted elsewhere. When offering convenience links, it is important to be reasonably certain that the convenience copy is a true copy of the original, without any changes or inappropriate commentary, and that it does not infringe the original publisher's copyright. Accuracy can be assumed when the hosting website appears reliable. Where several sites host a copy of the material, the site selected as the convenience link should be the one whose general content appears most in line with [[ | A ''convenience link'' is a link to a copy of your source on a webpage provided by someone other than the original publisher or author. For example, a copy of a newspaper article no longer available on the newspaper's website may be hosted elsewhere. When offering convenience links, it is important to be reasonably certain that the convenience copy is a true copy of the original, without any changes or inappropriate commentary, and that it does not infringe the original publisher's copyright. Accuracy can be assumed when the hosting website appears reliable. Where several sites host a copy of the material, the site selected as the convenience link should be the one whose general content appears most in line with [[Sarkarverse:Neutral point of view]] and [[Sarkarverse:Verifiability]]. | ||
===Say where ''you'' read it <span id="SAYWHEREYOUGOTIT"/>=== | ===Say where ''you'' read it <span id="SAYWHEREYOUGOTIT"/>=== | ||
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==Citation style <span id="Citation styles"/>== | ==Citation style <span id="Citation styles"/>== | ||
{{shortcut|WP:CITESTYLE}} | {{shortcut|WP:CITESTYLE}} | ||
While citations should aim to provide the information listed above, | While citations should aim to provide the information listed above, Sarkarverse does not have a single [[house style]], though citations within any given article should follow a consistent style. A number of citation styles exist including those described in the Sarkarverse articles for [[Citation]], [[APA style]], [[ASA style]], [[MLA style]], [[The Chicago Manual of Style]], [[Author-date referencing]], [[Vancouver system]] and [[Bluebook]]. Examples can be found at [[Sarkarverse:Citing sources/Example style]]. | ||
Although nearly any consistent style may be used, '''avoid''' all-numeric date formats other than YYYY-MM-DD, because of the ambiguity concerning which number is the month and which the day. For example, {{xt|2002-06-11}} may be used, but not {{!xt|11/06/2002}}. The YYYY-MM-DD format should in any case be limited to [[Gregorian calendar]] dates where the year is after 1582. | Although nearly any consistent style may be used, '''avoid''' all-numeric date formats other than YYYY-MM-DD, because of the ambiguity concerning which number is the month and which the day. For example, {{xt|2002-06-11}} may be used, but not {{!xt|11/06/2002}}. The YYYY-MM-DD format should in any case be limited to [[Gregorian calendar]] dates where the year is after 1582. | ||
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===Avoid embedded links=== | ===Avoid embedded links=== | ||
{{see|Wikipedia:Embedded citations}} | {{see|Wikipedia:Embedded citations}} | ||
Embedded links to external websites should not be used as a form of inline citation, because they are highly susceptible to [[WP:Linkrot|linkrot]]. | Embedded links to external websites should not be used as a form of inline citation, because they are highly susceptible to [[WP:Linkrot|linkrot]]. Sarkarverse allowed this in its early years—for example by adding a link after a sentence, like this <nowiki>[http://media.guardian.co.uk/site/story/0,14173,1601858,00.html]</nowiki>, which looks like this. [http://media.guardian.co.uk/site/story/0,14173,1601858,00.html] This is no longer recommended. Raw links are not recommended in lieu of properly written out citations, even if placed between ref tags, like this <code><nowiki><ref>[http://media.guardian.co.uk/site/story/0,14173,1601858,00.html]</ref></nowiki></code>. | ||
Embedded links should never be used to place [[WP:EL|external links]] in the body of an article, like this: "[http://apple.com Apple, Inc.] announced their latest product...". | Embedded links should never be used to place [[WP:EL|external links]] in the body of an article, like this: "[http://apple.com Apple, Inc.] announced their latest product...". | ||
===Convenience links=== | ===Convenience links=== | ||
{{main| | {{main|Sarkarverse:Copyrights#Linking to copyrighted works}} | ||
A ''convenience link'' is a link to a copy of your source on a webpage provided by someone other than the original publisher or author. For example, a copy of a newspaper article no longer available on the newspaper's website may be hosted elsewhere. When offering convenience links, it is important to be reasonably certain that the convenience copy is a true copy of the original, without any changes or inappropriate commentary, and that it does not infringe the original publisher's copyright. Accuracy can be assumed when the hosting website appears reliable. Where several sites host a copy of the material, the site selected as the convenience link should be the one whose general content appears most in line with [[ | A ''convenience link'' is a link to a copy of your source on a webpage provided by someone other than the original publisher or author. For example, a copy of a newspaper article no longer available on the newspaper's website may be hosted elsewhere. When offering convenience links, it is important to be reasonably certain that the convenience copy is a true copy of the original, without any changes or inappropriate commentary, and that it does not infringe the original publisher's copyright. Accuracy can be assumed when the hosting website appears reliable. Where several sites host a copy of the material, the site selected as the convenience link should be the one whose general content appears most in line with [[Sarkarverse:Neutral point of view]] and [[Sarkarverse:Verifiability]]. | ||
===Indicating availability=== | ===Indicating availability=== | ||
If your source is not available online, it should be available in reputable libraries, archives, or collections. If a citation without an external link is challenged as unavailable, any of the following is sufficient to show the material to be reasonably available (though not necessarily [[ | If your source is not available online, it should be available in reputable libraries, archives, or collections. If a citation without an external link is challenged as unavailable, any of the following is sufficient to show the material to be reasonably available (though not necessarily [[Sarkarverse:Verifiability#Reliable sources|reliable]]): providing an [[ISBN]] or [[OCLC]] number; linking to an established Sarkarverse article about the source (the work, its author, or its publisher); or directly quoting the material on the talk page, [[WP:COPYVIO|briefly]] and in context. | ||
===Links to sources=== | ===Links to sources=== | ||
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{{see also|Wikipedia:Link rot}} | {{see also|Wikipedia:Link rot}} | ||
{{Shortcut|WP:DEADREF}} | {{Shortcut|WP:DEADREF}} | ||
To help prevent [[Wikipedia:Dead external links|dead links]], persistent identifiers are available for some sources. Some journal articles have a [[digital object identifier]] (DOI); some online newspapers and blogs, and also | To help prevent [[Wikipedia:Dead external links|dead links]], persistent identifiers are available for some sources. Some journal articles have a [[digital object identifier]] (DOI); some online newspapers and blogs, and also Sarkarverse, have [[permalink]]s that are stable. When permanent links aren't available, consider archiving the referenced document when writing the article; on-demand web archiving services such as [[WebCite]] (http://www.webcitation.org) are fairly easy to use (see [[Sarkarverse:Citing sources/Further considerations#Pre-emptive archiving|pre-emptive archiving]]). | ||
Dead links should be repaired or replaced if possible. Do not delete a citation merely because the URL is not working today. Follow these steps when you encounter a dead URL being used as a reliable source to support article content: | Dead links should be repaired or replaced if possible. Do not delete a citation merely because the URL is not working today. Follow these steps when you encounter a dead URL being used as a reliable source to support article content: | ||
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::*WebCite: <pre style="white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; word-wrap:break-word;"><nowiki>javascript:void(window.open('http://www.webcitation.org/query.php?url='+location.href))</nowiki></pre> | ::*WebCite: <pre style="white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; word-wrap:break-word;"><nowiki>javascript:void(window.open('http://www.webcitation.org/query.php?url='+location.href))</nowiki></pre> | ||
::*Mementos interface: <pre style="white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; word-wrap:break-word;"><nowiki>javascript:void(window.open('http://www.webarchive.org.uk/mementos/search/'+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+'?referrer='+encodeURIComponent(document.referrer)))</nowiki></pre> | ::*Mementos interface: <pre style="white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; word-wrap:break-word;"><nowiki>javascript:void(window.open('http://www.webarchive.org.uk/mementos/search/'+encodeURIComponent(location.href)+'?referrer='+encodeURIComponent(document.referrer)))</nowiki></pre> | ||
::''Note:'' Links to the archiving site archive.is are not permitted on the English | ::''Note:'' Links to the archiving site archive.is are not permitted on the English Sarkarverse: See [[WP:Archive.is RFC]] for more information. | ||
# <li value="3">'''Remove convenience links''': If the material was published on paper (e.g., academic journal, newspaper article, magazine, book), then the dead URL is not necessary. Simply remove the dead URL, leaving the remainder of the reference intact.</li> | # <li value="3">'''Remove convenience links''': If the material was published on paper (e.g., academic journal, newspaper article, magazine, book), then the dead URL is not necessary. Simply remove the dead URL, leaving the remainder of the reference intact.</li> | ||
# '''Find a replacement source''': Search the web for quoted text, the article title, and parts of the URL. Consider contacting the website/person that originally published the reference and asking them to republish it. Ask other editors for help finding the reference somewhere else, including the one that added the reference. Find a different source that says essentially the same thing as the reference in question. | # '''Find a replacement source''': Search the web for quoted text, the article title, and parts of the URL. Consider contacting the website/person that originally published the reference and asking them to republish it. Ask other editors for help finding the reference somewhere else, including the one that added the reference. Find a different source that says essentially the same thing as the reference in question. | ||
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==In-text attribution== | ==In-text attribution== | ||
{{Shortcut|WP:INTEXT}} | {{Shortcut|WP:INTEXT}} | ||
{{seealso| | {{seealso|Sarkarverse:Neutral point of view#Attributing and specifying biased statements}} | ||
'''In-text attribution''' is the attribution inside a sentence of material to its source, in addition to an [[WP:INCITE|inline citation]] after the sentence. In-text attribution should be used with [[direct speech]] (a source's words between quotation marks or as a [[block quotation]]); [[indirect speech]] (a source's words modified without quotation marks); and [[WP:close paraphrasing|close paraphrasing]]. It can also be used when loosely summarizing a source's position in your own words. It avoids inadvertent plagiarism and helps the reader see where a position is coming from. An inline citation should follow the attribution, usually at the end of the sentence or paragraph in question. | '''In-text attribution''' is the attribution inside a sentence of material to its source, in addition to an [[WP:INCITE|inline citation]] after the sentence. In-text attribution should be used with [[direct speech]] (a source's words between quotation marks or as a [[block quotation]]); [[indirect speech]] (a source's words modified without quotation marks); and [[WP:close paraphrasing|close paraphrasing]]. It can also be used when loosely summarizing a source's position in your own words. It avoids inadvertent plagiarism and helps the reader see where a position is coming from. An inline citation should follow the attribution, usually at the end of the sentence or paragraph in question. | ||
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{{shortcut|WP:CITECONSENSUS}} | {{shortcut|WP:CITECONSENSUS}} | ||
{{see|Wikipedia:Citation templates|Help:Citation tools}} | {{see|Wikipedia:Citation templates|Help:Citation tools}} | ||
:''For a comparison of citations using templates with citations written freehand, see [[ | :''For a comparison of citations using templates with citations written freehand, see [[Sarkarverse:Citing sources/Example edits for different methods#Footnotes|Sarkarverse:Citing sources/Example edits for different methods]].'' | ||
[[WP:Citation templates|Citation templates]] can be used to format citations in a consistent way. The use of citation templates is neither encouraged nor discouraged: an article should not be switched between templated and non-templated citations without good reason and consensus – see [[#Variation in citation methods|''Variation in citation methods'']] above. | [[WP:Citation templates|Citation templates]] can be used to format citations in a consistent way. The use of citation templates is neither encouraged nor discouraged: an article should not be switched between templated and non-templated citations without good reason and consensus – see [[#Variation in citation methods|''Variation in citation methods'']] above. | ||
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===Metadata=== | ===Metadata=== | ||
Citations may be accompanied by metadata, though it is not mandatory. Most citation templates on | Citations may be accompanied by metadata, though it is not mandatory. Most citation templates on Sarkarverse use the [[COinS]] standard. Metadata such as this allow browser plugins and other automated software to make citation data accessible to the user, for instance by providing links to their library's online copies of the cited works. In articles that format citations manually, metadata may be added manually in a span, according to the [http://ocoins.info/ COinS specification]. | ||
{{anchor|generators}} | {{anchor|generators}} | ||
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===Programming tools=== | ===Programming tools=== | ||
* [[Wikipedia:Wikicite|Wikicite]] is a free program that helps editors to create citations for their | * [[Wikipedia:Wikicite|Wikicite]] is a free program that helps editors to create citations for their Sarkarverse contributions using [[Wikipedia:citation templates|citation templates]]. It is written in [[Visual Basic .NET]], making it suitable only for users with the [[.NET Framework]] installed on Windows, or, for other platforms, the [[Mono (software)|Mono]] alternative framework. Wikicite and its source code is freely available; see the [[Wikipedia:Wikicite|developer's page]] for further details. | ||
** [[User:Nacimota/Wikicite+|Wikicite+]] is a program based on the original [[Wikipedia:Wikicite|Wikicite]] source code. It features extra validation, bug fixes, additional cite templates (such as cite episode) as well as tools for stub sorting and more. It is also available for free under the Apache License 2.0 and is open source. | ** [[User:Nacimota/Wikicite+|Wikicite+]] is a program based on the original [[Wikipedia:Wikicite|Wikicite]] source code. It features extra validation, bug fixes, additional cite templates (such as cite episode) as well as tools for stub sorting and more. It is also available for free under the Apache License 2.0 and is open source. | ||
* [[User:Richiez]] has tools to automatically handle citations for a whole article at a time. Converts occurrences of <nowiki>{{pmid XXXX}}</nowiki> or <nowiki>{{isbn XXXX}}</nowiki> to properly formatted footnote or Harvard-style references. Written in [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]] and requires a working installation with basic libraries. | * [[User:Richiez]] has tools to automatically handle citations for a whole article at a time. Converts occurrences of <nowiki>{{pmid XXXX}}</nowiki> or <nowiki>{{isbn XXXX}}</nowiki> to properly formatted footnote or Harvard-style references. Written in [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]] and requires a working installation with basic libraries. | ||
* [http://lindenb.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/src/xsl/pubmed2wiki.xsl pubmed2wiki.xsl] an [[Extensible Stylesheet Language|XSL]] stylesheet transforming the XML output of [[PubMed]] to | * [http://lindenb.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/src/xsl/pubmed2wiki.xsl pubmed2wiki.xsl] an [[Extensible Stylesheet Language|XSL]] stylesheet transforming the XML output of [[PubMed]] to Sarkarverse refs. | ||
* [http://reftag.appspot.com/ RefTag] by [[user talk:Apoc2400#Wikipedia citation tool for Google Books|Apoc2400]] creates a prefilled {{tl|cite book}} template with various options from a Google Books URL. The page provides a bookmarklet for single-click transfer. | * [http://reftag.appspot.com/ RefTag] by [[user talk:Apoc2400#Wikipedia citation tool for Google Books|Apoc2400]] creates a prefilled {{tl|cite book}} template with various options from a Google Books URL. The page provides a bookmarklet for single-click transfer. | ||
* [http://sourceforge.net/projects/wikiciter/ wikiciter] web interface, does Google Books, pdf files, beta. | * [http://sourceforge.net/projects/wikiciter/ wikiciter] web interface, does Google Books, pdf files, beta. | ||
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===Citation export tools=== | ===Citation export tools=== | ||
You can insert a link beside each citation in | You can insert a link beside each citation in Sarkarverse, allowing you to export the citation to a reference manager such as [[EndNote]]. To install the script just add the following line to [[Special:MyPage/skin.js]] (applies to the currently selected skin) or [[Special:MyPage/common.js]] (applies to all skins)" | ||
<source lang="javascript"> | <source lang="javascript"> | ||
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===Reference management software=== | ===Reference management software=== | ||
Reference management software can output formatted citations in several styles, including [[BibTeX]], [[RIS_(file_format)|RIS]], or | Reference management software can output formatted citations in several styles, including [[BibTeX]], [[RIS_(file_format)|RIS]], or Sarkarverse citation template styles. | ||
:[[Comparison of reference management software]] – side-by-side comparison of various [[reference management software]] | :[[Comparison of reference management software]] – side-by-side comparison of various [[reference management software]] | ||
::[[Wikipedia:Citing sources with Zotero]] – essay on using [[Zotero]] to quickly add citations to articles. Zotero (by [[Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media]]; license: [[Affero GPL]]) is [[open-source software]] with local reference database which can be synchronized between several computers over the online database (up to 300 MB without payment). | ::[[Wikipedia:Citing sources with Zotero]] – essay on using [[Zotero]] to quickly add citations to articles. Zotero (by [[Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media]]; license: [[Affero GPL]]) is [[open-source software]] with local reference database which can be synchronized between several computers over the online database (up to 300 MB without payment). | ||
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'''How to cite''' | '''How to cite''' | ||
* [[Wikipedia:Verification methods]] – listing examples of the most common ways that citations are used in Wikipedia articles | * [[Wikipedia:Verification methods]] – listing examples of the most common ways that citations are used in Wikipedia articles | ||
* [[ | * [[Sarkarverse:Citing sources/example style]] – listing examples of [[#HOW|full citations]] using APA and Harvard referencing techniques | ||
* [[ | * [[Sarkarverse:Citing sources/Example edits for different methods]] – showing comparative edit mode representations for different citation methods and techniques | ||
* [[ | * [[Sarkarverse:Citing sources/Further considerations]] – information of additional interest. | ||
* [[Wikipedia:Citation templates]] – a full listing of various styles for citing all sorts of materials | * [[Wikipedia:Citation templates]] – a full listing of various styles for citing all sorts of materials | ||
* [[Wikipedia:External links]] – for information about the ''External links'' appendix | * [[Wikipedia:External links]] – for information about the ''External links'' appendix | ||
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{{ | {{Sarkarverse policies and guidelines|state=collapsed}} | ||
{{Citation Style 1|state=expanded}} | {{Citation Style 1|state=expanded}} | ||
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[[Category:Wikipedia verifiability]] | [[Category:Wikipedia verifiability]] | ||
[[fr:Wikipédia:Citez vos sources]] | [[fr:Wikipédia:Citez vos sources]] | ||
[[hr:Wikipedija:Navođenje izvora]] | [[hr:Wikipedija:Navođenje izvora]] | ||