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'''Ananda Sutram'''<ref group=note>''Ananda Sutram'' means, in part, “aphorisms leading to [[:wikipedia:Ananda (disambiguation)|ananda]], divine bliss”. The literal meaning of sutra is “thread”, implying that numerous jewels of thought can be strung on a single such thread. In the traditions of [[:wikipedia:Sūtra|sutra literature]], the sutra form has been valued over the centuries as a powerful tool for communicating a deep philosophy in a condensed, memorable way.</ref> is a book composed in [[:wikipedia:Sanskrit_language|Sanskrit]] by [[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar]] aka Shrii Shrii Anandamurti (1921–1990) in 1961.<ref group=note>Between 1955 and 1990 the author wrote in [[:wikipedia:English language|English]], [[:wikipedia:Bengali_language|Bengali]] and [[:wikipedia:Hindi|Hindi]. He wrote in the name "Shrii Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar" when treating [[:wikipedia:Sociology|sociology]], [[:wikipedia:Economics|economics]], [[:wikipedia:Philology|philology]] and various other subjects, and in the name ""Shrii Shrii Ánandamúrti"" when focusing on spiritual topics. Many of his books he gave as dictations; others were compiled from his discourses, some of them in small pocket-books.</ref> | |||
On the book the author condensed His macrocosmic vision and the entire [[Ananda Marga]] ideology. | |||
The text consists of five chapters of eighty-five sutras describing the universe, the mind, the spirit and the foundations of a healthy society. | |||
==Chapter 1: Brahma Cakra== | |||
1-1. ''Shivashaktyátmakam Brahma'': [[:wikipedia:Brahma|Brahma]] is the composite of [[:wikipedia:Shiva|Shiva]] and [[:wikipedia:Shakti|Shakti]]<br> | |||
1-2. ''Shaktih Sá Shivasya Shaktih'': [[:wikipedia:Shakti|Shakti]] (the Operative Principle) is the shakti (force) of [[:wikipedia:Shiva|Shiva]].<br> | |||
1-3. ''Tayoh siddhih saincare pratisaincare ca'': [[:wikipedia:Samkhya#Puru.E1.B9.A3a|Puruśa]] and [[:wikipedia:Prakrti|Prakrti]] find their fulfilment in saincara (extroversial movement) and pratisaincara (introversial movement). <br> | |||
1-4. ''Paramashivah Puruśottamah vishvasya kendram'': Supreme Consciousness at the nucleus of the universe is known as Paramashiva or Puruśottama.<br> | |||
1-5. ''Pravrttimukhii saincarah guńadháráyám'': Saincara (in the Cosmic Cycle) is the gradual extroversial movement under the increasing influence of the guńas (binding principles).<br> | |||
1-6. ''Nivrttimukhii pratisaincarah guńávakśayeńa'': Pratisaincara (in the Cosmic Cycle) is the gradual introversial movement under the waning influence of [[:wikipedia:guńas|guńas]].<br> | |||
1-7. ''{{IAST|Drk Puruśah darshanaḿ Shaktishca}}'': Puruśa is the substantiator, the ultimate witness; (the actional faculty of) Prakrti is the act of witnessing (and that which is witnessed).<br> | |||
1-8. ''Guńabandhanena guńábhivyaktih'': As the guńas increase their bondage, they express themselves fully in the emergence of the fundamental factors.<br> | |||
1-9. ''Guńádhikye jad́asphot́ah bhútasámyábhávát'': Due to excessive pressure of the guńas, proper balance among the bhútas ([[:wikipedia:Classical_element#Classical_elements_in_India|five fundamental factors]]) is lost and jad́asphot́a (explosion of matter) occurs.<br> | |||
1-10. ''Guńaprabhávena bhútasaungharśádbalam'': Due to the increasing influence of the guńas, clash occurs among the fundamental factors and bala (energy) is produced.<br> | |||
1-11. ''Dehakendrikáńi parińámabhútáńi baláni práńáh'': The resultant interial force forming the nucleus within the physical structure and maintaining its solidarity, is called [[:wikipedia:Prana|práńáh]] (vital energy).<br> | |||
1-12. ''Tiivrasaungharśeńa cúrńiibhútáni jad́áni cittáńumánasadhátuh vá'': Due to excessive clash, some crude matter is pulverized, and cittáńu (ectoplasmic particles), or mind-stuff, is evolved.<br> | |||
1-13. ''Vyaśt́idehe cittáńusamaváyena cittabodhah'': Through the combination of ectoplasmic particles in the unit structure, the feeling of citta (objective mind) evolves.<br> | |||
1-14. ''Cittát guńávakśaye rajoguńaprábalye aham'': As the influence of the guńas wanes and [[:wikipedia:rajoguńa|rajoguńa]] becomes dominant, the aham (sense of doership) evolves out of the citta.<br> | |||
1-15. ''Súkśmábhimukhinii gatirudaye ahamtattvánmahat'':With further movement towards the subtle, the mahat evolves out of the ahamtattva.<br> | |||
1-16. ''Cittádahamprábalye buddhih'': When the aham is greater than the citta, the [[:wikipedia:Buddhi|buddhi]] (intellect) evolves.<br> | |||
1-17. ''Ahamtattva mahadprábalye bodhih'': When the mahat is greater than the aham, the [[:wikipedia:bodhi|bodhi]] (intuition) evolves.<br> | |||
1-18. ''Mahadahamvarjite anagrasare jiivadehe latágulme kevalamcittam'': In undeveloped living organisms, [[:wikipedia:vine|creepers]] and shrubs where aham and mahat have not yet evolved, there is only citta.<br> | |||
1-19. ''Mahadvarjite anagrasare jiivadehe latágulme cittayuktáham'': In undeveloped organisms, creepers and shrubs where mahat has not yet evolved, there is aham as well as citta.<br> | |||
1-20. ''Prágrasare jiive latágulme mánuśe mahadaham cittáni'': In developed organisms, creepers and shrubs, as well as in humans, there is mahat, aham and citta.<br> | |||
1-21. ''{{IAST|Bhúmávyápte Mahati ahaḿ cittayorprańáshe saguńásthitih savikalpasamádhih vá}}'': When the aham and the citta merge into the Macrocosmic Mahat, the merger is called saguńásthiti or savikalpa samádhi.<br> | |||
1-22. ''Átmani mahadprańáshe nirguńásthitih nirvikalpasamádhih vá'': When the mahat merges into the Átman, it is called nirguńásthiti (state of objectlessness) or [[:wikipedia:nirvikalpa samádhi|nirvikalpa samádhi]] (the trance of indeterminate absorption, or total suspension, of the mind)<br> | |||
1-23. ''Tasyasthitih amánasikeśu'': This state (of nirvikalpa samádhi) is beyond the mind.<br> | |||
1-24. ''Abhávottaránandapratyayálambaniirvrttih tasya pramáńam'': The lingering bliss which follows this state of vacuity is the proof of that state, the means of firm belief in that state.<br> | |||
1-25. ''Bhávah bhávátiitayoh setuh Tárakabrahma'': The bridge between [[:wikipedia:Nirguna Brahman|Nirguńa Brahma]] and [[:wikipedia:Saguna brahman|Saguńa Brahma]] is called Táraka (Liberating) Brahma. | |||
==Chapter 2: Dharma and The Nature of the Universe== | |||
2-1. ''Anukúlavedaniiyam sukham'': A congenial mental feeling is called happiness.<br> | |||
2-2. ''Sukhánuraktih paramá jaeviivrttih'': The attachment to happiness is the primary vrtti (propensity) of living beings.<br> | |||
2-3. ''Sukhamanantamánandam'': Infinite happiness is ánanda (bliss).<br> | |||
2-4. ''Ánandam Brahma ityáhuh'': This ánanda is called Brahma.<br> | |||
2-5. ''Tasminnupalabdhe paramá trśńánivrttih'': That (Brahma) having been attained, all thirst is permanently quenched.<br> | |||
2-6. ''Brhadeśańáprańidhánam ca dharmah'': To long for and run after the Great is dharma.<br> | |||
2-7. ''Tasmád dharmah sadákáryah'': Therefore dharma should always be practised.<br> | |||
2-8. ''Viśaye puruśávabhásah jiivátmá'': The reflection of Puruśa in a unit object is called the jiivátmá (unit soul).<br> | |||
2-9. ''Átmani sattásamsthitih'': Every entity is embedded finally in the Átman.<br> | |||
2-10. ''Otahprotah yogábhyám samyuktah Puruśottamah'': Puruśottama is linked to each entity individually and to all entities collectively.<br> | |||
2-11. ''Mánasátiite anavastháyám jagadbiijam'': The seed of the universe lies beyond the mind, in a state the mind cannot comprehend.<br> | |||
2-12. ''Saguńát srśt́irutpattih'': The creation originates from Saguńa Brahma.<br> | |||
2-13. ''Puruśadehe jagadábhásah'': The universe takes form within the Cognitive Body.<br> | |||
2-14. ''Brahma Satyam jagadapi satyamápekśikam'': Brahma is Absolute Truth; the universe is also truth, but relative.<br> | |||
2-15. ''Puruśah akartá phalasákśiibhútah bhávakendrasthitah guńayantrákashca'': Puruśa does no action (directly), but is the witnessing entity of actions and reactions; located at the nucleus of Saguńa Brahma, He is the controller of the guńas.<br> | |||
2-16. ''Akartrii viśayasamyuktá Buddhih Mahadvá'': The Buddhitattva, or Mahattattva, itself is not the doer, but remains associated with objects.<br> | |||
2-17. ''Aham kartá pratyakśaphalabhoktá'': The Aham is the doer, and directly enjoys or suffers the results of action.<br> | |||
2-18. ''Karmaphalam cittam'': The citta takes the form of the results of actions.<br> | |||
2-19. ''Vikrtacittasya púrvávasthápráptirphalabhogah'': The process through which the distorted citta regains its original state is the enjoyment or suffering of the results of actions.<br> | |||
2-20. ''Na svargo na rasátalah'': There is neither heaven nor hell.<br> | |||
2-21. ''Bhúmácitte saincaradháráyám jad́ábhásah'': In the flow of saiṋcara, matter takes form in the Cosmic citta.<br> | |||
2-22. ''Bhútalakśańátmakam bhútabáhitam bhútasaungharśaspandanam tanmátram'': Tanmátras (microscopic fractions of bhútas, or fundamental factors) represent the bhútas, are carried by the bhútas, and are created by vibrations from the clash within the bhútas.<br> | |||
2-23. ''Bhútam tanmátreńa pariciiyate'': The bhútas are recognized by their corresponding tanmátras.<br> | |||
2-24. ''Dvárah nád́iirasah piit́hátmakáni indriyáńi'': The [[:wikipedia:indriya|indriya]]s (organs) are the composite of: the gateways of the organs, the nerves, the nerve fluid, and the appropriative piit́has (seats) of the organs (in the brain). | |||
==Chapter 3: Mind and Sadhana== | |||
3-1. ''{{IAST|Paiṋcakośátmiká jaeviisattá kadaliipuśpavat}}'': The living being is the composite of five [[:wikipedia:Kosha|kośas]] (layers of mind), like a plantain flower (with its petals).<br> | |||
3-2. ''Saptalokátmakam Brahmamanah'': The Cosmic Mind is the composite of seven [[:wikipedia:lokas]] (layers, worlds).<br> | |||
3-3. ''Kárańamanasi diirghanidrá marańam'': Long sleep in the causal mind is death.<br> | |||
3-4. ''Manovikrtih vipákápekśitá samskárah'': A distortion of the mind-stuff waiting for expression (i.e., a reaction in potentiality) is known as a samskára.<br> | |||
3-5. ''Videhiimánase na kartrtvam na sukháni na duhkháni'': In the bodiless mind there is no doership, no feeling of pleasure or pain.<br> | |||
3-6. ''Abhibhávanát cittáńusrśt́apretadarshanam'': The sight of ghosts is created by the cittáńu (mind-stuff) in concentrated thought.<br> | |||
3-7. ''Hitaeśańápreśito’pavargah'': The requital of an action is guided by the (divine) longing for welfare.<br> | |||
3-8. ''Muktyákáunkśayá sadgurupráptih'': Out of the intense desire for mukti (liberation), one attains one’s sadguru (perfect master).<br> | |||
3-9. ''Brahmaeva gururekah náparah'': Only Brahma is the guru, no one else.<br> | |||
3-10. ''{{IAST|Vádhá sá yuśamáná shaktih sevyaḿ sthápayati lakśye}}'': Obstacles are the helping forces that establish one in the goal.<br> | |||
3-11. ''Prárthanárcaná mátraeva bhramamúlam'': Prayer and ritualistic worship only become a source of confusion.<br> | |||
3-12. ''Bhaktirbhagavadbhávaná na stutirnárcaná'': Devotion is ideation on God, not flattery of God or ritualistic worship. | |||
==Chapter 4: Creation of the Universe and Kundalini== | |||
4-1. ''Triguńátmiká srśt́imátrká asheśatrikońadhárá'': The tri-attributional primordial force (progenitrix of creation) flows on in endless triangular forms.<br> | |||
4-2. ''Tribhúje Sá svarúpaparińámátmiká'': In the triangle of forces, the three attributes of Prakrti are locked in endless mutual transformation.<br> | |||
4-3. ''Prathamá avyakte Sá Shivánii kendre ca Paramashivah'': In the first stage (not yet a stage of actual manifestation), Prakrti is called Shivánii, and the witnessing Puruśa at the nucleus is called Paramashiva.<br> | |||
4-4. ''Dvitiiyá sakale prathamodgame Bhaeravii Bhaeraváshritá'': In the second phase, when the germ of evolution sprouts, Prakrti is called Bhaeravii, and the witnessing Puruśa is called Bhaerava.<br> | |||
4-5. ''Sadrshaparińámena Bhavánii Sá Bhavadárá'': In the vibrational world there is a sequence of similarity of curvatures (homogenesis). Here Prakrti is called Bhavánii and the witnessing Puruśa is called Bhava.<br> | |||
4-6. ''{{IAST|Shambhúliuṋgát tasya vyaktih}}'': The process of creation starts from {{IAST|Shambhúliuṋga}}.<br> | |||
4-7. ''Sthúliibhavane nidritá sá kuńd́alinii'': In the ultimate state of crudification, the paráshakti lying dormant at {{IAST|Svayambhúliuṋga}} is called the [[:wikipedia:kundalini|kuńd́alinii]] (“coiled serpentine”).<br> | |||
4-8. ''Kuńd́alinii sá múliibhútá rńátmiká'': The kuńd́alinii is the (force of) fundamental negativity. | |||
==Chapter 5: The Samaj Cakra (Social cycle) and Socio-economic Theory== | |||
5-1. ''Varńapradhánatá cakradháráyám'': In the movement of the [[Law of Social Cycle|social cycle]], one class is always dominant.<br> | |||
5-2. ''Cakrakendre sadvipráh cakraniyantrakáh'': Located in the nucleus of the social cycle, [[:wikipedia:sadvipras|sadvipras]] control the social cycle.<br> | |||
5-3. ''Shaktisampátena cakragativardhanam krántih'': Accelerating the movement of the social cycle by the application of force is called “evolution”.<br> | |||
5-4. ''Tiivrashaktisampátena gativardhanam viplavah'': Accelerating the movement of the social cycle by the application of tremendous force is called “revolution”.<br> | |||
5-5. ''Shaktisampátena vipariitadháráyám vikrántih'': Reversing the movement of the social cycle by the application of force is called counter-evolution”.<br> | |||
5-6. ''Tiivrashaktisampátena vipariitadháráyam prativiplavah'': Reversing the movement of the social cycle by the application of tremendous force is called “counter-revolution”.<br> | |||
5-7. ''Púrńávartanena parikrántih'': A complete rotation of the social cycle is called “peripheric evolution”.<br> | |||
5-8. ''{{IAST|Vaecitryaḿ prákrtadharmah samánam na bhaviśyati}}'': Diversity, not identity, is the law of nature.<br> | |||
5-9. ''Yugasya sarvanimnaprayojanam sarveśám vidheyam'': The minimum requirements of an age should be guaranteed to all.<br> | |||
5-10. ''{{IAST|Atiriktaḿ pradátavyam guńánupátena}}'': The surplus wealth should be distributed among meritorious people according to the degree of their merit.<br> | |||
5-11. ''Sarvanimnamánavardhanam samájajiivalakśańam'': Increasing the minimum standard of living of the people is the indication of the vitality of society.<br> | |||
5-12. ''Samájádeshena viná dhanasaincayah akartavyah'': There should be no accumulation of wealth without the permission of society.<br> | |||
5-13. ''Sthúlasúkśmakárańeśu caramopayogah prakartavyah vicárasamarthitam vańt́anainca'': There should be maximum utilization and rational distribution of the crude, subtle, and causal resources.<br> | |||
5-14. ''Vyaśt́isamaśt́isháriiramánasádhyátmikasambhávanáyám caramo’payogashca'': There should be maximum utilization of the physical, mental, and spiritual potentialities of the individual and collective beings.<br> | |||
5-15. ''Sthúlasúkśma kárańo’payogáh susantulitáh vidheyáh'': There should be a well-balanced adjustment among the crude, subtle, and causal utilizations.<br> | |||
5-16. ''Deshakálapátraeh upayogáh parivarttante te upayogáh pragatishiiláh bhaveyuh'': Utilizations vary in accordance with time, space, and form; the utilizations should be progressive. | |||
''Pragatishiila upayogatattvamidam sarvajanahitártham sarvajanasukhártham pracáritam.'' This is the [[Progressive Utilization Theory]], propounded for the happiness and all-round welfare of all. | |||
== See also == | |||
== References == | |||
<references /> | |||
=== Footnotes === | |||
{{reflist|group=note}} | |||
=== Citations === | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
=== Sources === | |||
{{refbegin}} | |||
* {{cite book |title=Ánanda Sútram |author=Shrii Shrii Anandamurti |location=Jamalpur |publisher= Ananda Marga Pubs |year=1961 |ISBN=81– 7252– 027– 1}} | |||
* {{cite book|title=The Spiritual Philosophy of Shrii Shrii Anandamurti: a Commentary on Ananda Sutram |author= Avadhūtika Ānanda Mitra Ācāryā |year=1981 |location=DenverColorado |publisher=Ananda Marga Publications |ISBN=81–7252–154–5}} | |||
{{refend}} | |||
====Online sources==== | |||
== Further reading == | |||
== External links == | |||
{{Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar}} | |||
[[Category:Works of Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar]] | |||