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== Name and Variants == | == Name and Variants == | ||
Prabhát Saḿgiit has two most commonly used definitions, namely: "Songs of a New Down"{{sfn|Sarkar, Subhas|12/09/2011}} and "Songs of [[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar|Prabhat]]".{{sfn|Sarkár, Subhas|31/12/2010}} | Prabhát Saḿgiit has two most commonly used definitions, namely: "Songs of a New Down"{{sfn|Sarkar, Subhas|12/09/2011}} and "Songs of [[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar|Prabhat]]".{{sfn|Sarkár, Subhas|31/12/2010}}{{sfn|The Hindu|21/03/2008}} It has many spelling variants, with the following reasons: the word ''saḿgiit'' has two different spellings in Bengali, there is no fix transliteration rule for most Indian languages, there are also different transcription conventions used in English for Indian languages, the [[:wikipedia:Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] pronunciation has an "a" at the end of both words, which is normally silent in Bengali and [[:wikipedia:Hindi|Hindi]]. | ||
Thus we have the word '''''prabhat''''' that can be spelled as: | Thus we have the word '''''prabhat''''' that can be spelled as: | ||
| Line 17: | Line 17: | ||
*''Sangita'', ''Sangeeta'', ''Sangiita'', ''Samgiita'', ''Saḿgiita'', ''Saṃgīta'', ''Sauṋgiita'' and ''Saŋgīta'' | *''Sangita'', ''Sangeeta'', ''Sangiita'', ''Samgiita'', ''Saḿgiita'', ''Saṃgīta'', ''Sauṋgiita'' and ''Saŋgīta'' | ||
If combined, all these variations could create a huge number of spelling variants for Prabhat Samgiit, however not all combinations are used. Subhas Sarkar mainly prefers the variant '''Prabháta Saḿgiita''' and sometimes uses '''Prabhāta saṃgīta'''.{{sfn|Sarkár, Subhas|31/12/2010}} There is no consistency of spelling, even within the same newspapers. [[:wikipedia:The Hindu|The Hindu]] often spells '''Prabhat Samgiita'''{{sfn|Avadhuta, Divyachetananda Acharya|19/06/2009}} | If combined, all these variations could create a huge number of spelling variants for Prabhat Samgiit, however not all combinations are used. Subhas Sarkar mainly prefers the variant '''Prabháta Saḿgiita''' and sometimes uses '''Prabhāta saṃgīta'''.{{sfn|Sarkár, Subhas|31/12/2010}} There is no consistency of spelling, even within the same newspapers. [[:wikipedia:The Hindu|The Hindu]] often spells '''Prabhat Samgiita'''{{sfn|Avadhuta, Divyachetananda Acharya|19/06/2009}}{{sfn|The Hindu|21/03/2008}}{{sfn|The Hindu|15/09/2009}} however also spells '''Prabhat Sangit'''{{sfn|The Hindu|15/06/2007}} and also '''Prabhat Sangeet'''.{{sfn|The Hindu|20/09/2004}} [[:wikipedia:The Times of India|The Times of India]] uses both '''Prabhat Samgiita'''{{sfn|Sarkar, Subhas|12/09/2011}} and ''Prabhat Sangeet''.{{sfn|The Hindu|27/09/2009}} Most other newspapers spell ''Prabhat Sangeet'', though some articles prefer ''Prabhat Sangit'' and '''Prabhata Samgiita'''. Publications of [[Ananda Marga]] usually goes by the spelling ''Prabháta Saḿgiita'' and also often by ''Prabhát Saḿgiita'' and ''Prabhát Saḿgiit''.{{sfn|Sarkar, Prabhat Ranjan|1987}} Older publications, however, tend to use the variant ''Prabhát Sauṋgiit'' or ''Prabháta Sauṋgiita''.{{sfn|Sarkár, Prabhát Raiṋjan|21/10/2007}} Finally there are instances of unusual spellings as well, such as ''Prabhat Sangeeth''{{sfn|Subramanya, Mysore|2008}} and ''Prabhat Samhitta''.{{sfn|Afternoon (newspaper)|07/06/2011}} | ||
== Composition, Collection, and Releases == | == Composition, Collection, and Releases == | ||
P. R. Sarkar composed the first prabhat samgiit ''Bandhu he niye calo'' on 14 September 1982{{sfn|Sarkár, Prabhát Raiṋjan|21/10/2007}} at [[:wikipedia:Deoghar|Deoghar]], [[:wikipedia:India|India]].{{sfn|The Telegraph (Calcutta)|20/09/2004}} He continued composing songs until his death on 21 October 1990.{{sfn|Sarkar, Subhas|12/09/2011}} During that eight years, he composed a total of 5,018 songs,{{sfn|Ghista, Garda|30/11/2006}} including both lyrics and tune. | P. R. Sarkar composed the first prabhat samgiit ''Bandhu he niye calo'' on 14 September 1982{{sfn|Sarkár, Prabhát Raiṋjan|21/10/2007}} at [[:wikipedia:Deoghar|Deoghar]], [[:wikipedia:India|India]].{{sfn|The Telegraph (Calcutta)|20/09/2004}} He continued composing songs until his death on 21 October 1990.{{sfn|Sarkar, Subhas|12/09/2011}} During that eight years, he composed a total of 5,018 songs,{{sfn|Ghista, Garda|30/11/2006}} including both lyrics and tune.{{sfn|Afternoon (newspaper)|07/06/2011}}{{sfn|The Statesman|07/10/2011}}{{sfn|Ujjawala, Jha|20/11/2011}} The last song, ''Ámrá gaŕe nova gurukul'', was composed on 20 October 1990, one day before his death.{{sfn|Sarkár, Prabhát Raiṋjan|30/04/2003}} [[Renaissance Artists and Writers Association]] (RAWA), has sponsored many performances and recordings of selected songs. These performances have featured artists such as [[:wikipedia:Ashwini Bhide-Deshpande|Ashwini Bhide-Deshpande]], [[:wikipedia:Rashid Khan|Rashid Khan]], [[:wikipedia:Kavita Krishnamurthy|Kavita Krishnamurthy]], [[:wikipedia:Manoj Kumar|Manoj Kumar]], [[:wikipedia:Vithal Rao|Vithal Rao]], [[:wikipedia:Shruti Sadolikar|Shruti Sadolikar]], [[:wikipedia:Haimanti Sukla|Haimanti Sukla]] and [[:wikipedia:Archana Udupa|Archana Udupa]].{{citation needed |date=November 2013}} | ||
Sarkar composed songs in eight different languages: Bengali, Hindi, [[:wikipedia:English language|English]], [[:wikipedia:Sanscrit language|Samskrita]], [[:wikipedia:Urdu language|Urdu]], [[:wikipedia:Magahi language|Magahi]], [[:wikipedia:Maithili language|Maithili]] and [[:wikipedia:Angika language|Angika]].{{sfn|Sarkár, Subhas|31/12/2010}} Sarkar held that songs should be performed in their original language to preserve the composer's rhythm, melody, and meaning. Hence, no permission was given by Sarkar for performance of his songs in any language other than the language in which he composed them.{{citation needed |date=November 2013}} | Sarkar composed songs in eight different languages: Bengali, Hindi, [[:wikipedia:English language|English]], [[:wikipedia:Sanscrit language|Samskrita]], [[:wikipedia:Urdu language|Urdu]], [[:wikipedia:Magahi language|Magahi]], [[:wikipedia:Maithili language|Maithili]] and [[:wikipedia:Angika language|Angika]].{{sfn|Sarkár, Subhas|31/12/2010}} Sarkar held that songs should be performed in their original language to preserve the composer's rhythm, melody, and meaning. Hence, no permission was given by Sarkar for performance of his songs in any language other than the language in which he composed them.{{citation needed |date=November 2013}} | ||
| Line 52: | Line 52: | ||
* {{cite news|last={{aut|[[:wikipedia:The Hindu|The Hindu]]}}|title=Metro cultural round-up|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/09/20/stories/2004092001980200.htm|date=20/09/2004|publisher=[[:wikipedia:The Hindu|The Hindu]]|accessdate=1 February 2013}} | * {{cite news|last={{aut|[[:wikipedia:The Hindu|The Hindu]]}}|title=Metro cultural round-up|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/09/20/stories/2004092001980200.htm|date=20/09/2004|publisher=[[:wikipedia:The Hindu|The Hindu]]|accessdate=1 February 2013}} | ||
* {{cite news|last={{aut|[[:wikipedia:The Hindu|The Hindu]]}}|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-09-27/faith-and-ritual/28101854_1_beauty-divine-music-music-heals|title=Divine music that evokes blissful experience|date=27/09/2009|publisher=[[:wikipedia:The Times of India|The Times of India]]|accessdate=1 February 2013}} | * {{cite news|last={{aut|[[:wikipedia:The Hindu|The Hindu]]}}|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-09-27/faith-and-ritual/28101854_1_beauty-divine-music-music-heals|title=Divine music that evokes blissful experience|date=27/09/2009|publisher=[[:wikipedia:The Times of India|The Times of India]]|accessdate=1 February 2013}} | ||
* {{cite news|last={{aut|[[:wikipedia:The Hindu|The Hindu]]}}|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/03/21/stories/2008032151150300.htm|title=Friday Review Bangalore - Music for humanity|date=21/03/2008|publisher=[[:wikipedia:The Hindu|The Hindu]]|accessdate=5 February 2013|location=[[:wikipedia:Bangalore|Bangalore]], India}} | |||
* {{cite news|last={{aut|[[:wikipedia:Afternoon (newspaper)|Afternoon (newspaper)]]}}|url=http://www.afternoondc.in/film-review/top-cultural-icon-feted/article_26683|title=Top cultural icon feted|date=07/06/2011|publisher=[[:wikipedia:Afternoon (newspaper)|Afternoon (newspaper)]]|accessdate=5 February 2013}} | |||
{{refend}} | {{refend}} | ||
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Prabhát Saḿgiita (Bengali: প্রভাত সঙ্গীত Probhat Shongit, pɾɔbhat̪ ʃɔŋɡit̪ - see spelling variations below), also known as Songs of a New Dawn and Prabhat Songs, is the collection of songs composed by Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar.[1] Sarkar composed a total of 5,018 songs, including lyrics and tune, over a period of eight years from 1982 until his death in 1990.[2]
Etymology
In Bengali, the word Prabhát(a) (প্রভাত - pɾɔbhat̪) means dawn, morning or daybreak.[3] The word Sauṋgiit(a) (সঙ্গীত - ʃɔŋɡit̪)[4] also spelled as Saḿgiit(a) (সংগীত - ʃɔŋɡgit̪) means song and music.[3] Thus, prabhát(a) sauṋgiit(a) or prabhát(a) saḿgiit(a) etymologically means "morning song"[3] or "songs of dawn".[5] It has also been interpreted as "songs of a new dawn".[6][1]
Name and Variants
Prabhát Saḿgiit has two most commonly used definitions, namely: "Songs of a New Down"[6] and "Songs of Prabhat".[7][8] It has many spelling variants, with the following reasons: the word saḿgiit has two different spellings in Bengali, there is no fix transliteration rule for most Indian languages, there are also different transcription conventions used in English for Indian languages, the Sanskrit pronunciation has an "a" at the end of both words, which is normally silent in Bengali and Hindi.
Thus we have the word prabhat that can be spelled as:
- Prabhat, Prabhát, Prabhāt, Prabhata, Prabháta, Prabhāta
And we have the word samgiit that can be spelled as:
- Sangit, Sangeet, Sangiit, Samgiit, Saḿgiit, Saṃgīt, Sauṋgiit, Saŋgīt and all of these with "a" at the end:
- Sangita, Sangeeta, Sangiita, Samgiita, Saḿgiita, Saṃgīta, Sauṋgiita and Saŋgīta
If combined, all these variations could create a huge number of spelling variants for Prabhat Samgiit, however not all combinations are used. Subhas Sarkar mainly prefers the variant Prabháta Saḿgiita and sometimes uses Prabhāta saṃgīta.[7] There is no consistency of spelling, even within the same newspapers. The Hindu often spells Prabhat Samgiita[5][8][9] however also spells Prabhat Sangit[10] and also Prabhat Sangeet.[11] The Times of India uses both Prabhat Samgiita[6] and Prabhat Sangeet.[12] Most other newspapers spell Prabhat Sangeet, though some articles prefer Prabhat Sangit and Prabhata Samgiita. Publications of Ananda Marga usually goes by the spelling Prabháta Saḿgiita and also often by Prabhát Saḿgiita and Prabhát Saḿgiit.[13] Older publications, however, tend to use the variant Prabhát Sauṋgiit or Prabháta Sauṋgiita.[4] Finally there are instances of unusual spellings as well, such as Prabhat Sangeeth[1] and Prabhat Samhitta.[14]
Composition, Collection, and Releases
P. R. Sarkar composed the first prabhat samgiit Bandhu he niye calo on 14 September 1982[4] at Deoghar, India.[2] He continued composing songs until his death on 21 October 1990.[6] During that eight years, he composed a total of 5,018 songs,[15] including both lyrics and tune.[14][16][17] The last song, Ámrá gaŕe nova gurukul, was composed on 20 October 1990, one day before his death.[18] Renaissance Artists and Writers Association (RAWA), has sponsored many performances and recordings of selected songs. These performances have featured artists such as Ashwini Bhide-Deshpande, Rashid Khan, Kavita Krishnamurthy, Manoj Kumar, Vithal Rao, Shruti Sadolikar, Haimanti Sukla and Archana Udupa.[citation needed]
Sarkar composed songs in eight different languages: Bengali, Hindi, English, Samskrita, Urdu, Magahi, Maithili and Angika.[7] Sarkar held that songs should be performed in their original language to preserve the composer's rhythm, melody, and meaning. Hence, no permission was given by Sarkar for performance of his songs in any language other than the language in which he composed them.[citation needed]
References
Footnotes
Citations
- ^ a b c Subramanya, Mysore 2008.
- ^ a b The Telegraph (Calcutta) 20/09/2004.
- ^ a b c Biswas, Sailendra.
- ^ a b c Sarkár, Prabhát Raiṋjan 21/10/2007.
- ^ a b Avadhuta, Divyachetananda Acharya 19/06/2009.
- ^ a b c d Sarkar, Subhas 12/09/2011.
- ^ a b c Sarkár, Subhas 31/12/2010.
- ^ a b The Hindu 21/03/2008.
- ^ The Hindu 15/09/2009.
- ^ The Hindu 15/06/2007.
- ^ The Hindu 20/09/2004.
- ^ The Hindu 27/09/2009.
- ^ Sarkar, Prabhat Ranjan 1987.
- ^ a b Afternoon (newspaper) 07/06/2011.
- ^ Ghista, Garda 30/11/2006.
- ^ The Statesman 07/10/2011.
- ^ Ujjawala, Jha 20/11/2011.
- ^ Sarkár, Prabhát Raiṋjan 30/04/2003.
Sources
- Ghista, Garda (30/11/2006), The Gujarat Genocide: A Case Study in Fundamentalist Cleansing, AuthorHouse, p. 174, ISBN 9781425944537 .
- Sarkár, Shrii Prabhát Raiṋjan (21/10/2007) Prabhát Sauṋgiit (1st Vol.) (in Bengali) (3rd ed.) Kolkata, India: Ananda Marga Publications p. 1 ISBN 81-7252-255-X
- Sarkár, Subhas (31/12/2010) Prabháta Samgiita: A Literary and Philosophical Appreciation (1st ed.) Ananda Marga Publications ISBN 978-81-7252-260-5 OCLC 704229361
- Sarkár, Shrii Prabhát Raiṋjan (30/04/2003) Prabhát Sauṋgiit (10th Vol.) (in Bengali) (2nd Edition ed.) Kolkata, India: Ananda Marga Publications pp. xxviii ISBN 81-7252-214-2
- Sarkár, Shrii Prabhát Raiṋjan (1987) Saḿgiita: Song, Dance and Instrumental Music (1st Edition ed.) Kolkata, India: Ananda Marga Publications ISBN 81-7252-250-9
Online sources
- Subramanya, Mysore (17/03/2008), Prabhat Sangeeth, Deccan Herald, retrieved 1 February 2013 .
- The Telegraph (Calcutta) (20/09/2004) "Homage to spiritual guru" Calcutta, India retrieved 1 February 2013
- Biswas, Sailendra "Samsad Bengali-English Dictionary" (in Bengali/English) Digital Dictionaries of South Asia retrieved 7 February 2013
- Avadhuta, Divyachetananda Acharya (19/06/2009) "Friday Review Delhi - Songs of dawn" The Hindu retrieved 5 February 2013
- Sarkár, Subhas (12/09/2011) "Songs of a new dawn" The Times of India retrieved 6 February 2013
- Jha, Ujjawala (20/11/2011) "Shri Shri Anandamurti: A 20th Century Indian Philosopher" Pune, India: Centre of Advanced Study in Sanskrit, University of Pune p. 2 retrieved 1 February 2013
- The Statesman (07/10/2011) "Driven by devotion - Meena Banerjee was mesmerised by a few pleasant surprises" The Statesman retrieved 6 February 2013
- The Hindu (15/09/2009) "Prabhat Samgiita Divas celebrated" The Hindu (New Delhi) retrieved 13 February 2013
- The Hindu (15/06/2007) "Music and memories" The Hindu retrieved 1 February 2013
- The Hindu (20/09/2004) "Metro cultural round-up" The Hindu retrieved 1 February 2013
- The Hindu (27/09/2009) "Divine music that evokes blissful experience" The Times of India retrieved 1 February 2013
- The Hindu (21/03/2008) "Friday Review Bangalore - Music for humanity" Bangalore, India: The Hindu retrieved 5 February 2013
- Afternoon (newspaper) (07/06/2011) "Top cultural icon feted" Afternoon (newspaper) retrieved 5 February 2013
Further reading
External links