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Roman Samskrta transliteration: Difference between revisions

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Roman Samskrta transliteration (view source)

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Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar -or ''Shrii Shrii'' Anandamurti, his alias for his spiritual works- developed  his own Sanskrit Roman transliteration, used as early as 1956, which he asked to be used in all Ananda Marga publications. Doing so, he maintained since then, through all Ananda Marga publications, the presence of reliable Sanskrit spelling. That transliteration -using only two diacritical marks (' and ^ ( ̭))- can also easily been typed on an ordinary keyboard still maintaining a good legibility. The transliteration used by Western Sanskritists is also unfortunatly not very well adjusted to transliterate Bengali for example (which is the most sanskritized living language) and other Indian languages.
[[File:SVmap LiteraryWorks.png|right|220px|Sarkarverse Map]]
[[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar]] - or ''Shrii Shrii'' Anandamurti, his alias for his spiritual works - developed  his own Roman Saḿskrta (Sanskrit) transliteration, used as early as 1956, which he asked to be used in all Ananda Marga publications. Doing so, he maintained since then, through all Ananda Marga publications, the presence of reliable Saḿskrta spelling. That transliteration - using only two diacritical marks (' and ^ ( ̭)) - can also easily be typed on an ordinary keyboard still maintaining a good legibility when using its alternative way (see below, in the second table).  


  '''Ananda Marga Roman Sanskrit transliteration:'''
The transliteration used by Western Sanskritists is unfortunately not very well adjusted to transliterate Saḿskrta-derived languages, for example, Bengali (or Baḿlá/বাংলা). Sarkar's Roman Saḿskrta may be more apt for that purpose.
 
The letter ''ya'': the proper Sanskrit pronunciation will be ''ia'' in the middle or at the end of a word but will be a light ''ja'' in the beginning. According to that, the Bengali script did develop two different letters for those uses: য and য়. য় stands for ''ia''. য stands for the light ''ja''. In line with this and with respect to Roman Baḿlá transliteration, Sarkar accepted one modification to the Roman Saḿskrta transliteration. An initial ''ya'' (য) could be replaced by ''ja'', a more common symbol for the sound.<ref name="PS1">{{cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Prabhat Ranjan|title=Prabhat Samgiita Volume 1|publisher=Ananda Marga Publications|editor=Acarya Vijayananda Avadhuta|location=Kolkata|year=1993|ISBN=81-7252-041-7}}</ref>
 
'''Sarkar's Roman Saḿskrta transliteration:'''
  '''''a, á, i, ii, u, ú, r, rr, lr, lrr, e, ae, o, ao, aḿ, ah''',''
  '''''a, á, i, ii, u, ú, r, rr, lr, lrr, e, ae, o, ao, aḿ, ah''',''
  '''''ka, kha, ga, gha, uṋa,''''' (velar)
  '''''ka, kha, ga, gha, uṋa,''''' (velar)
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Roman Sanskrit transliteration
|+Roman Saḿskrta transliteration
!Phonetic
!Phonetic
!Academic
!Academic
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| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|}}
|-
|-
|Elongated ''e'' diphtong
|Elongated ''e'' diphthong
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ai''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ai''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ऐ/ঐ}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ऐ/ঐ}}
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| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|}}
|-
|-
|Elongated ''o'' diphtong
|Elongated ''o'' diphthong
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''au''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''au''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|औ/ঔ}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|औ/ঔ}}
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| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|}}
|-
|-
|Velar n  
|With velar n  
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ṅ''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ṅa''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ङ/ঙ}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ङ/ঙ}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center | {{unicode|''uṋ''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center | {{unicode|''uṋa''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|un^}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|un^a or (wrongly) una}}
|-
|-
|Palatal n  
|With palatal n  
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ñ''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ña''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ञ/ঞ}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ञ/ঞ}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center | {{unicode|''iṋ''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center | {{unicode|''iṋa''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|in^}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|in^a or (wrongly) ina}}
|-
|-
|Retroflex t  
|With retroflex t  
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ṭ''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ṭa''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ट/ট}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ट/ট}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center | {{unicode|''t́ ''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center | {{unicode|''t́a ''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|t'}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|t'a}}
|-
|-
|Retroflex d  
|With retroflex d  
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ḍ''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ḍa''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ड/ড}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ड/ড}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center | {{unicode|''d́ ''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center | {{unicode|''d́a ''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|d'}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|d'a}}
|-
|-
|Retroflex n  
|With retroflex n  
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ṇ''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ṇa''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ण/ণ}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ण/ণ}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center | {{unicode|''ń''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center | {{unicode|''ńa''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|n'}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|n'a}}
|-
|-
|Palatal s  
|With palatal s  
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ś''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''śa''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|श/শ}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|श/শ}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center | {{unicode|''sh''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center | {{unicode|''sha''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|}}
|-
|-
|Retroflex s  
|With retroflex s  
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ṣ''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''ṣa''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ष/ষ}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|ष/ষ}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center | {{unicode|''ś''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center | {{unicode|''śa''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|s'}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|s'a}}
|-
|-
|''[[anusvara]]''
|''[[:wikipedia:anusvara|anusvara]]''
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''aṃ''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''aṃ''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|अं/অং}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|अं/অং}}
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| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|am'}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|am'}}
|-
|-
|''[[visarga]]''
|''[[:wikipedia:visarga|visarga]]''
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''aḥ''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|''aḥ''}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|अः/অঃ}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|अः/অঃ}}
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| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|}}
|-
|-
|''[[candrabindu]]''
|''[[:wikipedia:candrabindu|candrabindu]]''
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|अँ/অঁ}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode|अँ/অঁ}}
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| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|an^}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode|an^}}
|}
|}
== Roman Bengali transliteration ==
For the most part, the Roman Saḿskrta transliteration serves well for Bengali. However, as a living language, Bengali is best served with the addition of some letters, often to accommodate the inclusion of words from other languages. The following recommended additions are not consistently used on Sarkarverse (due to various practical limitations); however, they are recommended by Shrii Sarkar.<ref name="SC2">{{cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Prabhat Ranjan|title=[[Shabda Cayanika]] Part 2|publisher=Ananda Marga Publications|editor=Acarya Vijayananda Avadhuta|location=Kolkata|year=1996 first English edit.|ISBN=81-7252-102-2}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Additional characters for Roman Bengali transliteration
!Roman script
!Bengali script
!Purpose
|-
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode| ba}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode| ৰ}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |To distinguish between vargiiya ''ba'' and antahstha ''va''
|-
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode| qa}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode| ক়}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |To accommodate words found in Hebrew, Arabic, and Farsi
|-
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode| qha}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode| খ়}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |To accommodate words found in Hebrew, Arabic, and Farsi
|-
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode| qua}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode| ক়}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |To accommodate words found in Hebrew, Arabic, and Farsi
|-
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode| za}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode| জ়}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |To accommodate words found in Hebrew, Arabic, Farsi, English, French, Latin, and most of the Latin-group languages
|-
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode| ŕa}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode| ড়}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |To reflect the actual pronunciation
|-
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode| ŕha}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode| ঢ়}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |To reflect the actual pronunciation
|-
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode| t}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode| ৎ}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |To expedite Bengali script
|-
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode| fa}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode| ফ়}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |To accommodate words found in Hebrew, Arabic, Farsi, English, French, Latin, and most of the Latin-group languages
|-
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode| ya}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode| য়}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |To reflect the actual pronunciation
|-
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode| lra}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode| ল়}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |To accommodate words found in Sanskrit, Marathi, Gujarati, and some South Indian languages as well as some North Indian pronunciation
|-
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{unicode| aṋ}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |{{Unicode| অঁ}}
| style="background:ivory;" align=center |To accommodate pronunciation of the candrabindu in modern Bengali
|}
== References ==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Works of Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar]]
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