Roman Samskrta transliteration: Difference between revisions
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[[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar]] - or ''Shrii Shrii'' Anandamurti, his alias for his spiritual works - developed his own Roman Saḿskrta (Sanskrit) transliteration, used as early as 1956, which he asked to be used in all Ananda Marga publications. Doing so, he maintained since then, through all Ananda Marga publications, the presence of reliable Saḿskrta spelling. That transliteration - using only two diacritical marks (' and ^ ( ̭)) - can also easily be typed on an ordinary keyboard still maintaining a good legibility when using its alternative way (see below, in the second table). | [[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar]] - or ''Shrii Shrii'' Anandamurti, his alias for his spiritual works - developed his own Roman Saḿskrta (Sanskrit) transliteration, used as early as 1956, which he asked to be used in all Ananda Marga publications. Doing so, he maintained since then, through all Ananda Marga publications, the presence of reliable Saḿskrta spelling. That transliteration - using only two diacritical marks (' and ^ ( ̭)) - can also easily be typed on an ordinary keyboard still maintaining a good legibility when using its alternative way (see below, in the second table). | ||
The transliteration used by Western Sanskritists is unfortunately not very well adjusted to transliterate Saḿskrta-derived languages, for example, Bengali (or Baḿlá/বাংলা). Sarkar's Roman Saḿskrta appears to be more apt for that purpose. | The transliteration used by Western Sanskritists is unfortunately not very well adjusted to transliterate Saḿskrta-derived languages, for example, Bengali (or Baḿlá/বাংলা). Sarkar's Roman Saḿskrta appears to be more apt for that purpose.<br /> | ||
The letter ''ya'': the proper Sanskrit pronunciation will be ia in the middle or at the end of a word but will be a light ja in the beginning. According to that, the Bengali script did develop two different letters for those uses: য and য় . য় is standing for ia and য for the light ja. In line with this, with respect to Roman Baḿlá transliteration, Sarkar accepted one modification to the Roman Saḿskrta transliteration. An initial ''ya'' (য) could be replaced by ''ja'', a more common symbol for the sound.<ref name="PS1">{{cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Prabhat Ranjan|title=Prabhat Samgiita Volume 1|publisher=Ananda Marga Publications|editor=Acarya Vijayananda Avadhuta|location=Kolkata|year=1993|ISBN=81-7252-041-7}}</ref> | |||
'''Sarkar's Roman Saḿskrta transliteration:''' | '''Sarkar's Roman Saḿskrta transliteration:''' | ||
Revision as of 15:48, 8 January 2015
Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar - or Shrii Shrii Anandamurti, his alias for his spiritual works - developed his own Roman Saḿskrta (Sanskrit) transliteration, used as early as 1956, which he asked to be used in all Ananda Marga publications. Doing so, he maintained since then, through all Ananda Marga publications, the presence of reliable Saḿskrta spelling. That transliteration - using only two diacritical marks (' and ^ ( ̭)) - can also easily be typed on an ordinary keyboard still maintaining a good legibility when using its alternative way (see below, in the second table).
The transliteration used by Western Sanskritists is unfortunately not very well adjusted to transliterate Saḿskrta-derived languages, for example, Bengali (or Baḿlá/বাংলা). Sarkar's Roman Saḿskrta appears to be more apt for that purpose.
The letter ya: the proper Sanskrit pronunciation will be ia in the middle or at the end of a word but will be a light ja in the beginning. According to that, the Bengali script did develop two different letters for those uses: য and য় . য় is standing for ia and য for the light ja. In line with this, with respect to Roman Baḿlá transliteration, Sarkar accepted one modification to the Roman Saḿskrta transliteration. An initial ya (য) could be replaced by ja, a more common symbol for the sound.[1]
Sarkar's Roman Saḿskrta transliteration: a, á, i, ii, u, ú, r, rr, lr, lrr, e, ae, o, ao, aḿ, ah, ka, kha, ga, gha, uṋa, (velar) ca, cha, ja, jha, iṋa, (palatal) t́a, t́ha, d́a, d́ha, ńa, (retroflex) ta, tha, da, dha, na, (dental) pa, pha, ba, bha, ma, (labial) ya, ra, la, va, (semi vowel) sha, śa, sa, ha, kśa. (sibilant, etc.) ’ is the phonetic elision of initial "a" . ṋ for the candabindu.
Examples: জ্ঞ/ज्ञ: jiṋa (jña); ঋষি/ऋषि: rśi (ṛṣi); ছায়া/छाया: cháyá (chāyā); জ্ঞান/ज्ञान: jiṋána (jñāna); সংস্কৃত/संस्कृत: saḿskrta (saṃskṛta); ততোঽহং/ततोऽहं: tato’haḿ (tato’haṃ); পিঙ্গলা/पिङ्गला: piuṋgalá (piṅgalā).
| Phonetic | Academic | Devanágarii/ Bengali script |
Ánanda Márga | Alternative AM |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Long a | ā | आ/আ | á | a' |
| Long i | ī | ई/ঈ | ii | |
| Long u | ū | ऊ/ঊ | ú | u' |
| Vowel r/vocalic r | ṛ | ऋ/ঋ | r | |
| Long Vowel r | ṝ | ॠ/ৠ | rr | |
| Vowel l (L) | ḷ | ऌ/ঌ | lr | |
| Long vowel l | ḹ | ॡ/ৡ | lrr | |
| Elongated e diphthong | ai | ऐ/ঐ | ae | |
| Elongated o diphthong | au | औ/ঔ | ao | |
| Velar n | ṅ | ङ/ঙ | uṋ | un^ or (wrongly) un |
| Palatal n | ñ | ञ/ঞ | iṋ | in^ or (wrongly) in |
| Retroflex t | ṭ | ट/ট | t́ | t' |
| Retroflex d | ḍ | ड/ড | d́ | d' |
| Retroflex n | ṇ | ण/ণ | ń | n' |
| Palatal s | ś | श/শ | sh | |
| Retroflex s | ṣ | ष/ষ | ś | s' |
| anusvara | aṃ | अं/অং | aḿ | am' |
| visarga | aḥ | अः/অঃ | ah | |
| candrabindu | अँ/অঁ | aṋ | an^ |
References
- ^ Sarkar, Prabhat Ranjan (1993) Acarya Vijayananda Avadhuta, ed. Prabhat Samgiita Volume 1 Kolkata: Ananda Marga Publications ISBN 81-7252-041-7